BRUEL & KJAER 2211 Guía del usuario

Noise Limit Indicator

Type

2211

Type 2211 Noise

limit

Indicator

a noise

and

vibration analyzer designed to keep control

the noise or vibration produced by units leaving

a production line.

BRUEL&KJ~R

N..Hum, D

enmark

. fE

800500

• ;;>

BRUKJA,

Copenhagen

. Telex: 5316

2211

Noise

Limit

Indicator

Type

2211

Reprint

february

1966

Contents

Introduction

the

Instrument

...........

.................

...

Introduction

Noise

and

Vibl'ation

Measurements

products

.....

'Videband Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f)

Weighted

Measurements

.....................

.....

................

Frequency

Analysis

Noise.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Measurements

Sel

ected

Freq

ency

Bands

........................

Capabilities

the

Noise

Limit

Indicator

..............

.......

....

Which

data

must

known

before

the

Instrument

used

...

......

...

What

hould

measured,

Noise

Vibration

. . . .

........

.....

. . . . . . .

Practical

arrangements

when

"selling

up"

the

Instrument

.............

Vibration

testing

...............

......

........

....

.......

Noise

testing

...................

......

. . .

........

...

....

...

Use

the

Noise

Limit

IndicatOl'

....

.......

.....

..........

Pre-adjustments

.....

.........

..................

. .

..........

Adjustment

for

with

Microphone

Type

131-32

.......

......

Adjus

with

lh"

Mic

rophone

..............................

. . 25

Vibration

Measurement

..................

....

................

. .

Adjustment

the

"Sens

itivit

Increase"

....

...

.............

Operators

Instructi

on .

...

...........

.......

.........

......

Use

both

Input

sim

ult

aneous

. .

......

. . .

...

............

Remote

Control

...

................

.......

...

........

.........

Technical

Description

..............

.....

....

...

......

........

Input

Amplifiers

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Filters

and

Output

Amplifiers

.............

. .

....

............

. . 37

Rectifier

and

Relay

Circuit

................

.......

...

. . .

......

Control

Panel

...................

. . .

...................

.....

. 40

Meter

Circuit

....

.....

...

.......

...

.............

....

. .

....

Power

Supply

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specification

.....................

...................

....

. . .

...

Introduction

The

Noise

Limit

Indicator

instrument

designed

provide

rapid

accurate

evalulltion

the

quality

products

production

line

with

respect

noise

and

vibration.

This

achieved

measuring

the

nois

and

vibration

every

unit

leaving

the

production

line

and

omparing

the

result

with

the

noise

and

vibration

level

obtained

from

the

"standard"

unit.

The

instrument

has

designed

offer

the

utmost

simplicity

operation.

After

setting-

up,

unskilled

worker

easily

interpr

the

indi

ting

panel

and

thenby

the

acce

ptance

rejection

the

unit

manufactur

ed.

Rejections

are

indicated

red

indicati,ng

lamps.

this

way

the

possibility

')f

confusion

errors

from

meter

readings

completely

eliminated

fhe

instrument

measur

noise

and

vibration

several

frequency

bands

(up

to 12

bands

)

simultaneously.

The

operator's

job

simplified

to sH

gree

that

only

presses

button

and

notes

any

lamp

lights

These

units

ore

bought

seperat

~rurL

..tbf.

Jlgig

llmjt lrlIIiootor

.--Cathode

FoUoWlr

2613

I I

Microphone

4131

1 I

I I

..--

---

--,

ISet of 33

'Il

octave filters

l~i

C~.5

C~,5

50"

100"

125

··

160"

200

~;~:

~~~

: :

1000" 1200··

I 1600 -2000

··

2500··

1 3150

.•

400!}·

500!)' I

I 6300

··

8000

··

10000·· I

IJ:

.:....._~.

='J

162202

QQQQQQ

...

"::...,,.,.

•

••••

...

::::"'!..

......

Control

Panel

Fig. 1.

The

Noise

Limit

Indicator

shown

with

the

necessary extra items for

the

measurement

noise

and

vibration.

Two

input

channels

and

twelve

output

channels

with

filters can be plugged in.

lamp

lights,

the

operator

labels

the

unit

just

tested

with

number

corresponding

that

the

lamp,

and

directs

the

rejected

unit

the

repair

shop.

The

number

the

indicating

lamp

informs

the

repair

shop

the

frequency

which

the

presset

limit

has

been

exceeded,

thereby

often

giving

the

shop

hint

which

problem

has

corrected.

The

total

operation

time

for

the

assessment

the

apparatus

extremely

short.

When

set-up

practically,

the

testing

for

noise

and

vibration

can

normally

carried

out

less

than

ten

seconds

for

each

unit.

The

apparatus

devided

into

units

that

only

the

transducing

elements,

Le.

the

microphone

vibratioll

pick-up,

need

near

the

production

line.

The

main

unit

containing

thl'

amplifiers

and

filters

can

placed

some

distance

from

the

production

line

and

the

control

panel

with

indicating

lamps

may

placed

wherever

found

most

convenient

for

the

operator.

shown

Fig. 1

the

main

assembly

containing

power

supply,

meter

circuit,

input

amplifiers

and

output

amplifiers

is,

together

with

the

control

panel,

supplied

the

basic

assembly

which

can

added

condenser

microphone,

·a

vibration

pick-up,

and

many

filters

are

found

necessary

for

the

measurements

question.

Microphone

and

vibration

pick-ups

arc

readily

connected

plugs

the

rear

the

instrument,

and

output

··

plifiers

and

filters

are

made

plug-in

units

which

are

easily

interchange-

able

The

electrical

and

acoustic

specification

the

instrument

fully

described

page

43--44.

INTRODUCTION

NOISE

AND

VIBRATION

MEASUREMENTS

PRODUCTS

The

measurement

noise

and

vibration

may

carried

out

several

ways

depending

upon

the

purpose

the

measurement.

Some

the

most

commonly

used

methods

are

discussed

below

order

to give a

summary

the

reasons

for

measuring

noise

from

production

line

units

frequency

bands

. Noise

and

vibration

most

respects

act

sim

ilar

manner,

thus

the

term

"noise"

will

used,

and

vibration

will

only

mentioned

where

noise

and

vibration

act

different

way.

Some

the

most

common

methods

measuring

noise

levels

are:

wideband

measurements,

Le.

means

instruments

with

uniform

response

all

audible

frequencies.

noise

measurement

with

instruments

that

have

"weighted"

characteristics.

frequency

analysis

noise.

measurement

selected

frequency

bands,

with

instruments

thai

measure

noise

certain

pre-selected

frequency

bands

only.

'Videband

Measurements·

When

making

wideband

measurements

noise

levels,

instrument

is used

that

res

ponds

equally

noise

all

frequencies

within

the

audible

rang

which

from

20 cis

20000 cis

approximately.

This

means

that

the

measuring

instrument

gives

the

same

indication

for

all

sounds

equal

physical

trength"

whether

the

sound

low,

medium

high

pitch.

When

measuring

noise

containing

several

quencies,

wideband

measurin~

instrument

will

deflect

value

which

proportional

the

sum

nergy

contents

all

the

different

noise

frequencies

represented.

See Fig.

This

type

measurement

used

where

it is

desired

measure

the

overall

sound pressure level

certain

place. (S.P.L.

db is

usually

with

ref

renc~

the

accepted

hearing

threshold:

0.0002 ,ubar).

1("5.

Frequency

Microphone

Fig.

Wideband

measurement

noise.

The

meter will give

indication

which

slightly above

the

top

e highest peak

noted

the freque

ncy

spectrum. Noise

all frequencies passes unattenuated to the meter.

"We

ighted"

Measurements.

ighted

measurements

are

eas

ments

taken

with

instruments

which

have

response

curves

that,

certain

deg

ree

, follow

those

the

human

ear.

The

human

ear

appears

most

sensitive

dium

frequencie-s

and

therefore

not

irritated

low

high

pitched

noise.

The

frequen

response

"weighted"

measuring

instruments

then

shaped

such

way

as to

approximate

the

sensitivity

curves

the

human

ear.

This

normally

done

insertion

one

mor

filters

wideband

amp

lifier.

Three

differ

filter

chara;teristics

have

been

int

rnationally

standardized

for

this

pllrpose

• )

instrument

with

wideband

response

may also be

referred

to as one

with

response

wbich

linear,

overall,

lIat.

the

measurement

noise

containing

several

frequencies

the

instrument

measures

the

noise

the

sum

the

energy

contents

after

the

frequency

weighting

has

taken

place,

see

Fig.

Weighted

measurements

are

mainly

used

cases

where

desired

investigate

noise

interference

working

conditions

etc.

The result

read

off

instrument

with

weighted

characteristics

the

sound

level

(different

from

sound

pressure level)

and

stated

de. 2 X 10-4

,ubar),

curve

Frequency

Microphone

Frequency Weighted

Level

:;:;

'-0

QJu

~'O

Frequency

220

Fig.

3. Weighted measurements. As

shown

the noise spectrum

shaped by

means

a filter so

that

parts

the noise

depressed

and

only the

medium

frequencies are allowed

pass unattenuated.

That

means

that

the

medium

frequencies have a predominant influence on

the

meter

indication.

Frequency

Analysis

Noise.

Frequency

analysis

carried

out

instruments

that

are

capable

selecting

and

measuring

specific

noise

frequency

bands

only,

although

several

other

noise

frequencies

may

present.

The

frequencies

can

selected

means

series

filters

which

are

successively

inserted

wideband

measuring

instrument,

and

which

make

the

instrument

sensitive

only

certain

frequency

band

time

see

Fig.

Usually

noise

measurement

the

audible

frequency

range

divided

into

number

bands

equal

relative

bandwidth.

Thus

octave

band

analyzer

divides

the

audible

range

into

bands

each

with

the

width

one

octave;

a 1

octave

band

analyzer

divides

rophone

Filter characteristic

:-"'J"r-

v--

.....

(-y

....

y-v-.,--

I I I I I

I \

I n 1\ I I

~I ~I

I 1 1I

1I I

/ /

' ' I I \ 1 \ \

/ I XI

I \

Frequency

Naise

bond

Level

Filter

- -

I I

I \ §

I \ L..

I \

/ \

L-

-'-

_----'

_____

::E

Frequency

f62205

Fig. 4. Analysing noise

means

a series

narrow band filters that

can be inserted successively

the amplifier. Only the noise having a

frequency

that

falls within

the

range

the

inserted filter

passed to

the

meter.

The

meter

indication

this

way

becomes frequency deper.dant.

the

range

into

bands,

each

octave

wide. An

example

such

nalyzer

the

B & K

Type

2112

mentioned

page

11.

With

analyzer

this

typ

e noise band level

can

measured

any

arbitrary

frequen

without

any

disturbing

influence

from

other

(and

rhaps

"stronger

sounds

riving

microphon

simultaneously.

this

way

it is possible to

investigate

which

encies

are

predominant,

measur

their

"strength"

and

haracter

and

thereb

y a

rrive

method

for

treatment

the

noise

problem

Bands

narrow

than

lh octave

are

not

normally

used

nois

measurements;

how

ever,

e inves

tigation

vibration,

analyzer

with

filters having

width

less

than

lh octave

would

often

be employed.

The

B & K

Type

2107 is

example

such

analyzer

Measurements

Seleeted

Frequeney

Bands.

Once

laboratory

investigations

hav

been

carried

out

upon

objects

from

production

lin

e (or

the

prototyp

es)

and

noise

and

vibration

generated

the

obj

ects is

analysed

e.g.

means

analyzer

ntioned

above,

can

calculated

which

nois

frequencies

must

be checked in

production.

Ofte

atte

ntion

confined

certain

important

frequ

encies

only,

and

other

bands

ignor

ed. A special

instrum

which

measures

these

particular

noise

frequ

encies (see Fig.

can

then

used

check

the

units

from

the

production

line.

Such

instrument

the

Noise

Limit

Indicator

Type

2211.

measures

noise

vibration

number

pre-selected

frequency

bands

simultaneously.

The

bandwidth

can

chos

1 octave

lh octave,

depending

the

conditions.

, Microphone Filter. characteristics

lDJ0J\n.

Frequency c

ilt

ers

('iill[\

[I[!1

Frequency

162206

Fig.

This figure

shows

the

measuring principle

the

Noise

Limit

Indicator. Several filters are inserted.

The

meter is

substituted

red

lamps,

that

there is

indicator for e a c h filter.

Thereby

the

excess

the

noise band limits

several filters can

indicated simultaneously.

The

;ilter attenuation can be adjusted for each filter individually.

The

noise

frequency

bands

and

the

levels

set

the

maximum

limit

for

each

the

bands

selected

should

chosen

as a

result

careful

aborato

investigation

the

object

examined.

may

also

desirable

keep

check

the

overall

noise

level

the

object

means

wideband

and

weighted

measurements

The

Noise

Limit

Indicator

capab

checking

number

pre-selected frequency band levels

well as

the

overall noise

level, both wideband and weighted, simultaneously.

CAPABILITIES OF

THE

NOISE LIMIT INDICATOR

The

equipment

can

used

for

a wide

range

tests,

since

number

measurements

can

carried

out

simultaneously

with

the

Noise Level

Indicator

Some

the

most

common

ly used

measurements

that

can

made

with

the

instrument

are:-

Simple

"go-no

go"

testing

for

noise

vibration

both

simultaneously

(see Fig. 6a).

Standard

D O

Extra

Standard

0 0 =

0 = 0 =

= =

xtra

Standard

000

0000

Closs 1 2 3

Noise

Limit

Indicator 0

Rejects

Noise

Limit

Indicator

Noise

Limit

Indicator

Noise

Limit

Rejects

t622()f

D§

Rejects

Indicator 0

Rejects

(62200

Fig. 6. Different measuring possibilities

with

the

Noise

Limit

Indicator.

Simple testing dividing the objects

from

a production line

"rejects"

and

"standards"

with

respect to noise

and

vibration.

Same

as a),

but

additionally dividing

the

approved objects

two classes,

"standard"

and

"extra".

only

one check

the noise or vibration

a unit is required, the two

inputs

the

instrument

may

be used

serve

two

production lines or two

kinds

products

a line, e.g.

two

types

motors, each

with

its own

noise frequencies

and

limits.

When

investigating

the

noise or vibration level

a series

units, the

instrument

may

be used to divide

the

units

3, 4 or 5 classes as regards

noise or vibration.

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