ATI Technologies DDA SERIES Instrucciones de funcionamiento

Audio Technologies

Inc.

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Tel:

856-719-9900

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sales@atiaudio.com

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www.

audio.com

DDA

AES/EBU DIGITAL

AUD

DISTRIBUTION

AMPL

ERS

OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

2008, Audio Technologies

Audio Technologies

Inc.

•

Tel:

856-719-9900

•

sales@atiaudio.com

•

www.

audio.com

DESCRIPTION

The DDA Series of Digital Audio Distribution Amplifiers are designed to

regenerate, isolate and distribute digital audio data formatted in accordance with

specifications AES3-1992 and IEC 958. This is commonly called AES/EBU

formatting.

The DSA Series operates much the same as the DDA Series; however, the DSA

Series does not include the full featured display front panel and does not provide

re-clocking of the digital input signal. The non-reclocking feature is essential

when distributing Dolby E encoded AES signals and other clocked signals that

should not be re-clocked.

DDAxxx-XLR and DSAxxx-XLR models use XLR connectors and operate from

and drive a 110-ohm balanced shielded twisted pair distribution system per

AES3-1992.

DDAxxx-BNC and DSAxxx-BNC models use BNC connectors and operate from

and drive single-ended 75-ohm coaxial cable per AES-3id-1995 and are

designed to integrate easily into video facilities.

S/PDIF (consumer) formatted digital audio data differs primarily in the use of

consumer type "RCA" audio connectors in an unbalanced 75 ohm system and

can be handled by a DDAxxx-BNC with use of an RCA to BNC input cable.

S/PDIF digital audio can be connected directly to a DSA106-RCA unit.

FEATURES

• Accepts sample rates from 27 to 96kHz

• Displays standard sample rates of 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2, 96 kHz (DDA only)

• Status and error LEDs show clock lock and data validity (DDA only)

• Adjustable input equalizers compensate for very long cable runs (DDA only)

• Data is relocked and regenerated before low-jitter transmission (DDA only)

• Loop thru transformer balanced and isolated inputs

• Switchable input termination resistors

• Individual, transformer balanced and isolated 110 ohm XLR outputs (-XLR only)

• Individual isolated 75-ohm BNC outputs (-BNC only)

• Single or dual inputs

• Up to 12 XLR or 24 BNC outputs

• Quiet, internal linear power supplies

• Attractive, 1RU package

Audio Technologies

Inc.

•

Tel:

856-719-9900

•

sales@atiaudio.com

•

www.

audio.com

DESCRIPTION

INPUTS

Incoming AES/EBU formatted digital audio data is applied to input transformers

T8 (T9 for second input channel of dual unit). Both XLR and BNC inputs are

balanced and DC isolated from ground. Input blocking capacitors C22 (C24)

prevent accidental DC inputs from saturating (and perhaps damaging) the input

transformers. Input termination resistors R25 (R26) at 75 ohms for BNC (and

SP/DIF) inputs or 110 ohms for XLR inputs can be switched in or out of the circuit

with rear panel DIP switches S1a (S1b). Inputs should always be terminated

unless they are looped thru to another device or DDA input. The last device or

input should always terminate the line.

INPUT EQUALIZERS

The input signals feed cable equalizer circuits U3 (U4) and associated

components. Input equalization should only be necessary for extremely long

input cable lengths and should only be used if proven to be necessary. The

equalizers are adjustable with front panel multi-turn trimpots R63 (R66) so that

only the minimum amount of boost required to compensate for excess cable roll-

off can be added without over-equalization, which can degrade noise margins.

See adjustment instructions in the INSTALLATION section. If input equalization

is not required and you want to protect yourself from random control diddlers, you

may disable the equalizers by removing jumpers E4 (E5).

RECEIVERS

(Note that DSA Series units do not re-clock and provide no front panel status

information. The following section applies to DDA Series units only.)

The equalized AES/EBU data stream is applied to the receiver circuit U8 (U17)

that is a Crystal Semiconductor CS8414 96kHz Digital Audio Receiver IC. The

CS8414 receives the data, recovers the clock and synchronization signals and

separates the audio and digital data. The audio data may be 16 to 24 bits at

sample rates from 27 to 96 kHz.

Frame sync (FSYNC), Serial Clock (SCK), Serial audio data (SDATA), Channel

status (C), User channel data (U), and data validity information (VERF) are

passed directly to the transmitter IC for reformatting into the output data stream.

VERF is an OR’ing of the validity information from the incoming data (V) with an

internal error flag (ERF) that detects serious transmission errors such as parity

errors, bi-phase coding violations and an out-of-lock PLL receiver. VERF then

becomes the transmitted validity bit (V) and can be used by downstream error

correction devices to interpolate through errors.

Received frequency information is encoded on U8 (U17) pins F0, F1 and F2 and

is decoded by U14 (U19) into two BCD digits for display. Error information is

encoded on pins E0, E1 and E2. It is decoded by 3 to 8 line decoder U20 (U22)

and sent to the front panel display LEDs.

Audio Technologies

Inc.

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Tel:

856-626-3480

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856-504-0220

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DISPLAYS

(Note that DSA Series units do not re-clock and provide no front panel status

information. The following section applies to DDA Series units only.)

The two most significant digits of the sample rate are decoded by U1 AND U4

and displayed if the sample rate is within +/- 4% of a standard rate. Since only

two digits are displayed, readouts of 32, 44, 48, 88 and 96 correspond to actual

sampling rates within four percent of 32.0, 44.1, 48.0, 88.2 and 96kHz. The

displays are blanked if the detected frequency is out of range.

Data and transmission errors are displayed in priority order of no lock, BI-PHASE

Coding errors, PARITY errors and CRC errors. The no-lock signal is inverted and

lights when the clock recovery PLL is in LOCK. The VALIDITY indicator shows

that the previous received sample was valid when transmitted from the source

device. NO ERROR is the absence of any of the other errors and is good. The

SET indicator, used to tune the equalizer adjustment, lights when the received

data eye opening is greater than half a bit period and the recovered clock is

within range.

TRANSMITTERS

The Frame sync (FSYNC), Serial Clock (SCK), Serial audio data (SDATA),

Channel status (C), User channel data (U), and data Validity information (VERF)

are passed directly to the transmitters U9 (U18) for reformatting into the

AES/EBU output data stream TXPA (TXPB). The transmitters are Crystal

Semiconductor CS8404A devices capable of operation from 27 to 96kHz

equivalent sample rates. The transmitters operate in a transparent mode, which

allows the transmitter block structure (Channel Status, User and Validity bits) to

be slaved to the block structure of the receiver. In the transparent mode the

propagation delay of data through the CS8404A is set so that the total

propagation delay from the receiver inputs to the transmitter outputs is exactly

three sample intervals, which is less than 100 microseconds even at the lowest

sample rate.

Audio Technologies

Inc.

•

Tel:

856-626-3480

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Fax:

856-504-0220

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OUTPUT DRIVERS

DDAxxx-XLR and DSAxxx-XLR units use the balanced, 110-ohm, transformer

coupled outputs and XLR type connectors shown on the referenced schematics.

DDAxxx-BNC and DSAxxx-BNC units use the alternative 75-ohm unbalanced

outputs to BNC coax connectors shown on the same schematics. The XLR

outputs are in full compliance with specification AES3-1992 and the BNC outputs

are in accordance with the recommendations of AES-3id-1995. RS-422

differential line drivers U1 and U2 (U5 and U6) provide a balanced drive for XLR

outputs of 8Vp-p, open circuit through 110-ohm source resistance to yield 4Vp-p

when loaded by a 110-ohm load. XLR outputs are transformer coupled for

ground isolation. Each side of the differential line driver output is used to

separately drive a 75-ohm capacitor coupled BNC output. Each BNC output

provides 4Vp-p open circuit thru 75 ohms for a loaded output of 2Vp-p. Although

the two sides of a differential line driver are out of phase with each other there is

no phase difference in the recovered audio since the AES/EBU digital data is

defined only by the presence or absence of transitions. It makes no difference

whether those transitions are hi to low or low to hi.

REFERENCE OSCILLATORS AND POWER SUPPLIES

U10 generates a 6 MHz reference frequency input to U8 (U17) for determining

the incoming frame (sample) rate. The oscillator is counted down in U11, 12, 15

and 16 to provide a synchronized display reset pulse every 3 seconds. U21

generates a precision 2.5VDC reference for the equalizer circuit. U7 and U13

provide regulated and quiet +/-5VDC for all circuits. Power transformer primary

windings are paralleled for 115VAC or wired in series for 230VAC. Jumpers E1

allows field modification if necessary.

INSTALLATION

LOCATION

To avoid addition of jitter (timing variations) to the digital bitstream, which could

cause noise and distortion in the recovered audio, avoid locating the DDA or

DSA in close proximity to a high energy, high frequency switching type power

supply or a power amplifier that utilizes a switching supply. If possible, do not

power both devices from the same AC power line.

Expensive components start to die at internal temperatures above

(158

We recommend that you maintain rack temperatures below

(122

prevent excessive internal temperature buildup. This is another good reason not

to mount the DDA or DSA directly above that 500W power amplifier. Don’t force

the DDA to support the weight of 28 coax or 16 XLR cables (especially when you

drop that 500W power amplifier on the cable bundle), support the cables.

Audio Technologies

Inc.

•

Tel:

856-626-3480

•

Fax:

856-504-0220

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sales@atiaudio.com

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POWER

If it is necessary to convert a unit wired for 115VAC to 230VAC operation, unplug

the unit from the power source, remove the four cover mounting screws and

locate the E1 jumpers next to the power transformer. Clip the jumpers 1-2 and 3-

4 (don’t unsolder), jumper from 2-3 carefully soldering together the free ends of

2-3 previously clipped. This procedure is recommended to avoid soldering

damage to the multi-layer PC board.

WIRING

XLR types require special controlled impedance, 110 ohm, low loss, foil shielded,

twisted pair cables. Standard audio cable is not recommended except for runs of

only a few feet. Belden and most other cable manufacturers offer special digital

audio cabling for this application. With equalization, cable runs of 300 meters

(about 1000 feet) should be achievable. BNC types use 75-ohm coax (RG59).

Select a cable for losses less than 20dB at 12MHz (for data rates up to 96kHz) at

the maximum distance you require. Runs up to 1000 meters should be readily

achievable with low loss coax.

INPUT CABLE EQUALIZATION

If there is an unusually long (more than a few hundred feet) cable connection

between a particular AES/EBU data source and the DDA or DSA, it may be

necessary to equalize the cable response. Equalization would be indicated if it is

not possible to lock onto a known good signal source and obtain a stable reading

of the DDA input sample rate as evidenced by the front panel indicators.

(The following procedure uses the front panel displays of the DDA to verify

correct operation. Note that DSA units have no front panel display; therefore,

Input Cable Equalization adjustment should be performed with a known-good

AES tester connected to any of the DSA unit’s outputs.)

1. Apply a known good AES/EBU digital signal with sample rate of 96, 88.2, 48,

44.1, or 32 kHz to the source end of the cable. (You can validate the source by

temporarily co-locating the DDA with the signal source, connecting them together

with a short cable and noting that all red LEDs are off, all green LEDs are on and

the correct sample rate is steadily displayed.)

2. The factory default setting for the front panel equalizer control(s) is fully

counterclockwise. With a small screwdriver, slowly turn it clockwise, pausing after

each half turn for three seconds to allow the displays to update. Note the first

position at which all red LEDs are off, all green LEDs are on and the sample rate

is displayed steadily.

3. Continue to turn the control clockwise, counting turns, until the conditions of 2

above are no longer obtained.

4. Turn the control counterclockwise by half the number of turns counted in 3.

above. This is the optimum setting for the installed cable length and sample rate.

Audio Technologies

Inc.

•

Tel:

856-626-3480

•

Fax:

856-504-0220

•

sales@atiaudio.com

•

www.

audio.com

SPECIFICATIONS

INPUTS

Connectors: XLR female or BNC, DC isolated from chassis.

Input connector pairs paralleled for loop-thru.

Level: 200mVp-p minimum

Impedance: Transformer isolated, capacitor coupled, balanced and

floating, XLR inputs 110 ohms, and BNC and RCA inputs 75

ohms.

Terminating resistors may be switched in or out on rear

panel.

Cable Length: 300m of 110-ohm cable, 1000 m of 75 ohm coax (with

equalizer)

Equalizer: Multi-turn panel control, adjust using DSA panel indicators

Sample Rates: Accepts 27kHz to >100kHz

DDA Clock: Regenerated from input signal with dual-mode PLL Clock

Jitter <3nanoseconds peak-to-peak at 96kHz sample rate

DSA Clock: Non-regenerated. Input clock is passed directly to outputs.

OUTPUTS

Connectors: XLR male, 6 or 12; BNC chassis mount, 12 or 24

Levels: XLR, 4Vp-p loaded at 110 ohms. BNC, 2Vp-p loaded at 75

ohms, RCA, 0.5Vp-p loaded at 75 ohms

Impedances: XLR: 110 ohms, balanced, transformer isolated and

capacitor coupled

BNC: 75 ohms, unbalanced, capacitor coupled

Output Jitter: <3 nanoseconds peak to peak at 96kHz sample rate

Output Delay: Three frames (sample intervals) at the sample rate

Audio Technologies

Inc.

•

Tel:

856-626-3480

•

Fax:

856-504-0220

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sales@atiaudio.com

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INDICATORS (DDA only)

Sample Rate: Numeric readout of first two digits of 32, 44.1, 48, 88.2,

96kHz rates if within +/-4%. Out of range blanks display

Received Signal: Status: NO ERROR, LOCK, VALIDITY, and all Green for

normal operation

Error: PARITY, CRC, BIPHASE, normally OFF, Red for error

Cable Equalizer: SET indicator, lit Green for normal operation

Power: Lit RED for ON

POWER Internal supply, 115/230VAC+/-10%, 50/60Hz, 10VA,

IEC320 3 pin connector.

SIZE 1 RU, 19”(48.3cm) W X 1 ¾”(4.5cm) H X 7”(19.1cm) D

WEIGHT 10lbs (4kg)

MODELS: DDA106-XLR (1X6)

DDA112-BNC (1X12)

DDA112-XLR (1X12)

DDA124-BNC (1X24)

DDA212-XLR (Dual 1X6)

DDA224-BNC (Dual 1X12)

DSA106-BNC (1X6)

DSA106-XLR (1X6)

DSA112-BNC (1X12)

DSA112-XLR (1X12)

DSA124-BNC (1X24)

DSA212-XLR (Dual 1X6)

DSA224-BNC (Dual 1X12)

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