Apogee Instruments SIL-111 Manual de usuario
APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. | 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA
TEL: (435) 792-4700 | FAX: (435) 787-8268 | WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM
Copyright © 2022 Apogee Instruments, Inc.
OWNER’S MANUAL
COMMERCIAL INFRARED
RADIOMETER
Models SIL-111
Rev: 8-Jun-2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Owner’s Manual ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Certificate of Compliance......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Sensor Models ......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Specifications ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Deployment and Installation.................................................................................................................................................... 8
Operation and Measurement ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Maintenance and Recalibration............................................................................................................................................. 16
Troubleshooting and Customer Support................................................................................................................................ 17
Return and Warranty Policy................................................................................................................................................... 19
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
EU Declaration of Conformity
This declaration of conformity is issued under the sole responsibility of the manufacturer:
Apogee Instruments, Inc.
721 W 1800 N
Logan, Utah 84321
USA
for the following product(s):
Models: SIL-111
Type: Infrared Radiometer
The object of the declaration described above is in conformity with the relevant Union harmonization legislation:
2014/30/EU Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive
2011/65/EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS 2) Directive
2015/863/EU Amending Annex II to Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 3)
Standards referenced during compliance assessment:
EN 61326-1:2013 Electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use –EMC requirements
EN 50581:2012 Technical documentation for the assessment of electrical and electronic products with respect to
the restriction of hazardous substances
Please be advised that based on the information available to us from our raw material suppliers, the products
manufactured by us do not contain, as intentional additives, any of the restricted materials including lead (see
note below), mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated
diphenyls (PBDE), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and
diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). However, please note that articles containing greater than 0.1 % lead concentration
are RoHS 3 compliant using exemption 6c.
Further note that Apogee Instruments does not specifically run any analysis on our raw materials or end products
for the presence of these substances, but we rely on the information provided to us by our material suppliers.
Signed for and on behalf of:
Apogee Instruments, June 2022
Bruce Bugbee
President
Apogee Instruments, Inc.
INTRODUCTION
All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit electromagnetic radiation. The wavelengths and intensity
of radiation emitted are related to the temperature of the object. Terrestrial surfaces (e.g., soil, plant canopies,
water, snow) emit radiation in the mid infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 4-50 µm).
Infrared radiometers are sensors that measure infrared radiation, which is used to determine surface temperature
without touching the surface (when using sensors that must be in contact with the surface, it can be difficult to
maintain thermal equilibrium without altering surface temperature). Infrared radiometers are often called infrared
thermometers because temperature is the desired quantity, even though the sensors detect radiation.
Typical applications of infrared radiometers include plant canopy temperature measurement for use in plant water
status estimation, road surface temperature measurement for determination of icing conditions, and terrestrial
surface (soil, vegetation, water, snow) temperature measurement in energy balance studies.
Apogee Instruments SIL-111 infrared radiometers consist of a thermopile detector, germanium filter, precision
thermistor (for detector reference temperature measurement), signal processing circuitry mounted in an anodized
aluminum housing, and a cable to connect the sensor to a measurement device. All radiometers also come with a
radiation shield designed to minimize absorbed solar radiation, but still allowing natural ventilation. The radiation
shield insulates the radiometer from rapid temperature changes and keeps the temperature of the radiometer
closer to the target temperature. Sensors are potted solid with no internal air space and are designed for
continuous temperature measurement of terrestrial surfaces in indoor and outdoor environments. The SIL-111
sensors output an analog voltage that is directly proportional to the infrared radiation balance of the target
(surface or object the sensor is pointed at) and detector, where the radiation balance between target and detector
is related to the temperature difference between the two.
SENSOR MODELS
Model
Output
SIL-111
Voltage
SIL-411
SDI-12
A sensor’s model number and serial number are
located on a label near the pigtail leads on the sensor
cable. If you need the manufacturing date of your
sensor, please contact Apogee Instruments with the
serial number of your sensor.
SPECIFICATIONS
Calibration Traceability
Apogee SIL series infrared radiometers are calibrated to the temperature of a custom blackbody cone held at
multiple fixed temperatures over a range of radiometer (detector/sensor body) temperatures. The temperature of
the blackbody cone is measured with replicate precision thermistors thermally bonded to the cone surface. The
precision thermistors are calibrated for absolute temperature measurement against a platinum resistance
thermometer (PRT) in a constant temperature bath. The PRT calibration is directly traceable to the NIST.
SIL-111
Approximate Sensitivity
60 µV per C difference between target and detector temperature
Output from Thermopile
Approximately -3.3 to 3.3 mV for a temperature difference from -55 to 55 C
Output from Thermistor
0 to 2500 mV (typical, depends on input voltage)
Input Voltage Requirement
2500 mV excitation (typical, other voltages can be used)
Calibration Uncertainty (0 to 50 C),
when target and detector
temperature are within 20 C
0.5 C
Measurement Repeatability
Less than 0.05 C
Stability (Long-term Drift)
Less than 2 % change in slope per year when germanium filter is maintained in a
clean condition (see Maintenance and Recalibration section below)
Response Time
0.6 s, time for detector signal to reach 95 % following a step change
Field of View
22° half angle
Spectral Range
8 to 14 µm; atmospheric window (see Spectral Response below)
Operating Environment
-50 to 80 C; 0 to 100 % relative humidity (non-condensing)
Dimensions
23 mm diameter, 60 mm length
Mass
190 g (with 5m of lead wire)
Cable
5 m of six conductor, shielded, twisted-pair wire; TPR jacket (high water resistance,
high UV stability, flexibility in cold conditions); pigtail lead wires
Spectral Response
Spectral response of SIL series
infrared radiometers. Spectral
response (green line) is
determined by the germanium
filter and corresponds closely to
the atmospheric window of 8-14
µm, minimizing interference from
atmospheric absorption/emission
bands (blue line) below 8 µm and
above 14 µm. Typical terrestrial
surfaces have temperatures that
yield maximum radiation emission
within the atmospheric window,
as shown by the blackbody curve
for a radiator at 28 C (red line).
DEPLOYMENT AND INSTALLATION
The mounting geometry (distance from target surface, angle of orientation relative to target surface) is
determined by the desired area of surface to be measured. The field of view extends unbroken from the sensor to
the target surface. Sensors must be carefully mounted in order to view the desired target and avoid including
unwanted surfaces/objects in the field of view, thereby averaging unwanted temperatures with the target
temperature (see Field of View below). Once mounted, the green cap must be removed. The green cap can be
used as a protective covering for the sensor when it is not in use.
An Apogee Instruments model AM-250 mounting bracket is recommended for mounting the sensor to a cross arm
or pole. The AM-250 allows adjustment of the angle of the sensor with respect to the target and accommodates
the radiation shield designed for SIL-111 infrared radiometers.
Field of View
The field of view (FOV) is reported as the half-angle of the apex of the cone formed by the target surface (cone
base) and the detector (cone apex), as shown below, where the target is defined as a circle from which 98 % of the
radiation detected by the radiometer is emitted.
Sensor FOV, distance to target, and sensor mounting angle in relation to the target will determine target area.
Different mounting geometries (distance and angle combinations) produce different target shapes and areas, as
shown below.
Model
Half Angle
Mounting Height (m)
FOV Area (m²)
0°
45°
60°
SIL-111
22°
1.0
0.51
1.90
11.26
SIL-111
22°
2.0
2.05
7.58
45.0
SIL-111
22°
3.0
4.62
17.1
101.3
A simple FOV calculator for determining target dimensions based on infrared radiometer model, mounting height,
and mounting angle, is available on the Apogee website: https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/irr-calculators.
White: High side of differential channel (positive
thermopile lead)
Black: Low side of differential channel (negative
thermopile lead)
Green: Single-ended channel (positive thermistor lead)
Blue: Analog ground (negative thermistor lead)
Red: Excitation channel (excitation for thermistor)
Clear: Shield/Ground
OPERATION AND MEASUREMENT
The SIL-111 radiometer outputs two signals: a voltage from the thermopile radiation detector (proportional to the
radiation balance between target and detector) and a voltage from the thermistor (proportional to the magnitude
of the excitation voltage and resistance of thermistor). The voltage output from the thermopile is an electrically-
isolated bipolar (polarity is dependent on temperature difference between sensor and target) signal in the
microvolt range and requires a high-resolution differential measurement. The voltage output from the thermistor
can be measured with a single-ended measurement. In order to maximize measurement resolution and signal-to-
noise ratio, the input range of the measurement device should closely match the output range of the infrared
radiometer. DO NOT connect the thermopile (white and black wires) to a power source. The detector is self-
powered and applying voltage will damage it. Only the red wire should be connected to a power source.
Wiring for SIL-111
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