Amprobe AM-140 Manual de usuario

USER'S

MANUAL

AM-140

AM-140 TRMS

AM-160

AM-160 TRMS

Digital

Multimeters

1) SAFETY

This manual contains information and warnings that must be followed for operating the

instrument safely and maintaining the instrument in a safe operating condition. If the

instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection

provided by the instrument may be impaired. The meter is intended for indoor use only.

The meter is protected by double insulation per EN61010-1 and IEC61010-1 2nd

Edition (2001) to CAT III 1000V & CAT IV 600V. The meter also meets UL3111-1

(1994)* and CSA C22.2 No. 1010-1-92* to CAT III 1000V.

AM-140 Terminals (to COM) ratings:

V : Category III 1000 Volts AC & DC, and Category IV* 600 Volts AC & DC.

A / mAµA : Category III and Category IV* 500 Volts AC and 300 Volts DC.

AM-160 Terminals (to COM) ratings:

V / A : Category III 1000 Volts AC & DC, and Category IV* 600 Volts AC & DC.

mAµA : Category III and Category IV* 600 Volts AC and 300 Volts DC.

*Category IV safety standard (for DMMs) was first released in IEC61010-1 2nd Edition

in year 2001, and was not adopted as an UL published standard at the time this

manual was written.

Per IEC61010-1 2nd Ed. (2001) Measurement Category

OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II

Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY II is energy-consuming equipment to be

supplied from the fixed installation.

Note – Examples include household, office, and laboratory appliances.

OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY III

Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY III is equipment in fixed installations.

Note – Examples include switches in the fixed installation and some equipment for

industrial use with permanent connection to the fixed installation.

OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY IV

Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORY IV is for use at the origin of the

installation.

Note – Examples include electricity meters and primary over-current protection

equipment.

TERMS IN THIS MANUAL

WARNING identifies conditions and actions that could result in serious injury or even

death to the user.

CAUTION identifies conditions and actions that could cause damage or malfunction in

the instrument.

WARNING

To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose this product to rain or moisture.

To avoid electrical shock hazard, observe the proper safety precautions when working

with voltages above 60 VDC or 30 VAC rms. These voltage levels pose a potential shock

hazard to the user. Do not touch test lead tips or the circuit being tested while power is

applied to the circuit being measured. Keep your fingers behind the finger guards of the

test leads during measurement. Inspect test leads, connectors, and probes for damaged

insulation or exposed metal before using the instrument. If any defects are found, replace

them immediately. Do not measure any current that exceeds the current rating of the

protection fuse. Do not attempt a current measurement to any circuit where the open

circuit voltage is above the protection fuse voltage rating. Suspected open circuit voltage

should be checked with voltage functions. Never attempt a voltage measurement with the

test lead inserted into the µA/mA or A input jack. Only replace the blown fuse with the

proper rating as specified in this manual.

CAUTION

Disconnect the test leads from the test points before changing functions. Always set the

instrument to the highest range and work downward for an unknown value when using

manual ranging mode.

INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS

!Caution ! Refer to the explanation in this Manual

Caution ! Risk of electric shock

Earth (Ground)

Double Insulation or Reinforced insulation

Fuse

AC--Alternating Current

DC--Direct Current

2) CENELEC Directives

The instruments conform to CENELEC Low-voltage directive 73/23/EEC and

Electromagnetic compatibility directive 89/336/EEC

3) PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Panel Illustration

1) 5-4/5 digits 500000

counts LCD display

2) Push-buttons for

special functions &

features

3) Selector to turn the

Power On or Off and

Select a function

4) Input Jack for 10A (+)

(20A for 30sec) current,

and for T2 (-) function

5) Input Jack (+) for all

functions EXCEPT

current (

A, mA, A) and

T2 functions

6) Common (Ground

reference) Input Jack (-)

for all functions EXCEPT

T2 function

7) Input Jack (+) for

milli-amp, micro-amp,

and T2 (+) functions

Average sensing RMS calibrated

RMS (Root-Mean-Square) is the term used to describe the effective or equivalent DC

value of an AC signal. Most digital multimeters use average sensing RMS calibrated

technique to measure RMS values of AC signals. This technique is to obtain the

average value by rectifying and filtering the AC signal. The average value is then

scaled upward (calibrated) to read the RMS value of a sine wave. In measuring pure

sinusoidal waveform, this technique is fast, accurate, and cost effective. In measuring

non-sinusoidal waveforms, however, significant errors can be introduced because of

different scaling factors relating average to RMS values.

AC True RMS

AC True RMS, normally refers as True RMS, identifies a DMM function that is AC

coupled, and responds accurately only to the effective RMS AC component value

regardless of the waveforms. However, DC component plays an important role in the

distorted non-symmetrical waveforms, and will also be of interest sometimes. A full

wave rectified sine waveform is a good example, and the AC true RMS function will

only give the AC component reading which is at 43.6% of the total effective DC+AC

RMS reading.

DC+AC True RMS

DC+AC True RMS calculates both of the AC and DC components given by the

expression when making a measurement, and can respond

accurately to the total effective RMS value regardless of the waveform. Distorted

waveforms with the presence of DC components and harmonics may cause:

1) Overheated transformers, generators and motors to burn out faster than normal

2) Circuit breakers to trip prematurely

3) Fuses to blow

4) Neutrals to overheat due to the triplen harmonics present on the neutral

5) Bus bars and electrical panels to vibrate

AC Bandwidth

AC bandwidth of a DMM is the range of frequencies over which AC measurements can

be made within the specified accuracy. It is not the frequency measurement function,

and is the frequency response of the AC functions. A DMM cannot accurately measure

the AC value with frequency spectrums beyond the AC bandwidth of the DMM.

Therefore, wide AC bandwidth plays an important role in high performance DMM. In

reality, complex waveforms, noise and distorted waveforms contain much higher

frequency spectrum than its fundamental.

NMRR (Normal Mode Rejection Ratio)

NMRR is the DMM's ability to reject unwanted AC noise effect that can cause

inaccurate DC measurements. NMRR is typically specified in terms of dB (decibel).

This series has a NMRR specification of > 60dB at 50 and 60Hz, which is a good and

definite ability to reject the effect of AC noise when making DC measurements.

CMRR (Common Mode Rejection Ratio)

Common mode voltage is voltage present on both the COM and VOLTAGE input

terminals of a DMM, with respect to ground. CMRR is the DMM's ability to reject

common mode voltage effect that can cause digit rattle or offset in voltage

measurements. This series has a CMRR specifications of > 90dB at DC to 60Hz in

ACV function; and > 120dB at DC, 50 and 60Hz in DCV function. If neither NMRR nor

CMRR specification is specified, a DMM's performance will be uncertain.

Analog bar-graph

The analog bar graph provides a visual indication of measurement like a traditional

analog meter needle. It is excellent in detecting faulty contacts, identifying

potentiometer clicks, and indicating signal spikes during adjustments. Analog bar-graph

is not available in AC+DC True RMS Voltage & Current modes.

4) OPERATION

AC Voltage, DC Voltage, DC+AC Voltage, & Hz Line Level Frequency

In AC Voltage, press SELECT button momentarily to toggle between AC and dBm. In

DC Voltage, press SELECT button momentarily to toggle between DC, and DC+AC. In

mV Voltage, press SELECT button momentarily to select DC, AC, or DC+AC. The new

settings will be saved automatically to the non-volatile memory as power up default. In

DCV and DCmV, press 500000 button momentarily to toggle between 4-4/5 digits and

5-4/5 digits readings. In voltage or current functions, press the Hz push button

momentarily to activate or to exit Line Level Frequency measuring function. Line Level

Frequency measuring function is designed especially for noisy electrical high voltage

signals.

Note: In dBm function, power up default reference impedance will be displayed for 1

second before displaying the dBm readings. Press dBm-Ω(RANGE) button

momentary to select different reference impedance of 4, 8, 16, 32, 50, 75, 93, 110,

125, 135, 150, 200, 250, 300, 500, 600, 800, 900, 1000, up to 1200Ω. The new

impedance value will be saved automatically to the non-volatile memory as power up

default.

Note: Line Level Frequency measuring function input sensitivity varies automatically

with voltage (or current) function range selected. The lower the measuring range the

higher the sensitivity. That is, mV function has the highest and the 1000V range has

the lowest as in voltage function ranges. It is recommended to first measure the signal

voltage (or current) level then activate the Hz function in that voltage (or current) range

to automatically get the most appropriate trigger level. When activated from voltage

function, you can also press the RANGE button momentarily to select another trigger

level range manually. The analog bargraph pointer will point at the selected trigger

level range scale 1, 2, 3, or 4. If the Hz reading is unstable, select lower sensitivity to

avoid electrical noise. If the reading shows zero, select higher sensitivity.

Hz Logic Level Frequency and % Duty Cycle functions

Press SELECT button momentarily to toggle between Hz and % (duty cycle) readings.

The new setting will be saved automatically to the non-volatile memory as power up

default. Press 500000 button momentarily to toggle between 5 full digits and 6 full digits

Hz readings.

Note: Unlike the Line Level Frequency measuring function as previously stated, this

Logic Level Frequency function is set only at the highest input sensitivity to measure

digital type electronic signals.

T1-T2 Dual Channels Temperature function (AM-160 only)

Press SELECT button momentarily to toggle between °C and °F readings, and the

new setting will be saved automatically in the non-volatile memory as power up default.

Press T1-T2 (RANGE) button momentarily to select T1, T2, or T1-T2 readings.

Note: Insert the banana plug K-type temperature bead probe Bkp60 (standard

accessory x 1) with correct polarities. Dual channels T1-T2 readings require 2

probes. You can also use a plug adapter Bkb32 (Optional purchase) with banana pins

to K-type socket to adapt other standard K type mini plug temperature probes.

ΩResistance, Continuity functions

Press SELECT button momentarily to toggle between Ωand Continuity functions.

The new setting will be saved automatically to the non-volatile memory as power up

default. Continuity function is convenient for checking wiring connections and operation of

switches. A continuous beep tone indicates a complete wire.

CAUTION

Using resistance or continuity function in a live circuit will produce false results and

may damage the meter. In many cases the suspected component must be

disconnected from the circuit to obtain an accurate reading.

Capacitance, Diode test function

Press SELECT button momentarily to toggle between Capacitance and

Diode Diode test functions. The new setting will be saved automatically to the

non-volatile memory as power up default.

CAUTION

Discharge capacitors before making any measurement. Large value capacitors should

be discharged through an appropriate resistance load.

Note: Normal forward voltage drop (forward biased) for a good silicon diode is between

0.400V to 0.900V. A reading higher than that indicates a leaky diode (defective). A zero

reading indicates a shorted diode (defective). An OL indicates an open diode

(defective). Reverse the test leads connections (reverse biased) across the diode. The

digital display shows OL if the diode is good. Any other readings indicate the diode is

resistive or shorted (defective).

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