Altera Stratix III Manual de instrucciones

Altera Corporation 1

AN-469-1.1

Application Note 469

Stratix III Design Guidelines

Introduction Stratix®III devices are engineered for high-speed core performance and

high-speed I/O with the best signal integrity in the industry, combined

with low-static and dynamic-power consumption. The devices also offer

increased logic density, so you can integrate more of your product to

reduce cost and board space.

It is important to follow Altera recommendations throughout the design

process for high-density, high-performance Stratix III designs. Planning

the FPGA and system early in the design process is crucial to your

success. This document provides an easy-to-use set of guidelines and a

list of factors to consider in Stratix III designs, but does not include all the

details about the product. It includes pointers to other documentation

where you can find detailed specifications, device feature descriptions,

and additional guidelines. The material covers the Stratix III device

architecture as well as aspects of the Quartus®II software and third-party

tools that you might use in your design.

The guidelines presented in this document will help you improve

productivity and avoid common design pitfalls. The document discusses

various stages of the design flow in the order that each stage is typically

performed, as shown in Table 1. You can use the “Design Checklist,” on

page 65 to help verify that you have followed each of the guidelines.

Table 1. Summary of Design Flow Stages and Guideline Topics (Part 1 of 2)

Stages of Design Flow Guideline Topics

“Device Selection,” on page 2 Device information, determining device density, package

offerings, speed grade, core voltage, migration, and

HardCopy®ASICs

“Planning for Device Configuration,” on page 6 Configuration scheme overview, configuration features,

Quartus II settings, optional pins

“Early System Planning,” on page 12 Planning: design specifications, IP selection, on-chip

debugging, early power estimation

“Board Design Considerations,” on page 18 Power-up, power pins, configuration pins, signal integrity,

board-level verification

“I/O and Clock Planning,” on page 27 Pin assignments, early pin planning, I/O features and

connections, clock and PLL selection, SSN

“Design and Compilation,” on page 42 Synthesis tools, coding styles and recommendations, planning

for hierarchical or team-based design, SOPC Builder

May 2008, version 1.1

Altera Corporation 2

Application Note 469: Stratix III Design Guidelines

fFor complete details about the Stratix III device architecture, refer to the

Stratix III Literature page. For the latest known issues related to

Stratix III FPGAs, refer to the Stratix III Device Family Errata Sheet and the

Knowledge Database.

Device Selection The first step in the Stratix III design process is to choose the device

family variant, device density, speed grade, package, and core voltage

that best suit your design needs. You should also consider whether you

want to target FPGA or ASIC migration devices. Before you begin

compiling a design in a third-party synthesis tool or the Quartus II

software, set the correct target device.

fFor information about the features available in each device density,

including logic, memory blocks, multipliers, and phase-locked loops

(PLLs), as well the various package offerings and I/O pin counts, refer to

the Stratix III Device Family Overview chapter in volume 1 of the Stratix III

Device Handbook.

Logic, Memory, and Multiplier Density

The Stratix III logic family (L) offers balanced logic, memory, and

multipliers to address a wide range of applications, while the enhanced

family (E) offers more memory and multipliers per logic and is ideal for

wireless, medical imaging, and military applications. Choose the device

family variant with the best resource balance for your design

requirements.

Stratix III devices offer a range of densities that provide different amounts

of device logic resources, including memory, multipliers, and adaptive

logic module (ALM) logic cells. Different device densities may also offer

different numbers of features such as PLLs. Determining the required

logic density can be a challenging part of the design planning process.

Devices with more logic resources can implement larger and potentially

more complex designs, but generally have a higher cost. Smaller devices

have lower static power utilization. Select a device that meets your design

needs with some safety margin, in case you want to add more logic later

in the design cycle, or to upgrade or expand your design. You might also

“Timing Closure and Verification,” on page 50 Device utilization, timing constraints and analysis, area and

timing optimization, verification

“Power Analysis and Optimization,” on page 57 Analysis tools, optimization techniques, thermal management

options

Table 1. Summary of Design Flow Stages and Guideline Topics (Part 2 of 2)

Stages of Design Flow Guideline Topics

Altera Corporation 3

Application Note 469: Stratix III Design Guidelines

want additional space in the device to ease creating a design floorplan for

incremental or team-based design, as described in “Planning for

Hierarchical and Team-Based Design,” on page 47. Consider reserving

resources for debugging, as described in “Planning for On-Chip

Debugging,” on page 13. Stratix III devices support vertical migration

between certain device densities, which provides flexibility as described

in “Vertical Device Migration,” on page 3.

Many next-generation designs use a current design as a starting point. If

you have other designs that target an Altera device, you can use their

resource utilization as an estimate for your new design. Compile existing

designs in the Quartus II software with the Auto device selected by the

Fitter option in the Settings dialog box. Review the resource utilization to

find out which device density fits the design. Keep in mind that coding

style, device architecture, and the optimization options used in the

Quartus II software can significantly affect a design’s resource utilization

as well as timing performance. Refer to “Device Resource Utilization

Reports,” on page 51, for more information about determining resource

utilization.

To obtain resource utilization estimates for certain configurations of

Altera’s intellectual property (IP) designs, refer to the user guides for

Altera®megafunctions and IP MegaCores on the IP Megafunctions page

in the Literature section at www.altera.com. You can use these numbers

to help estimate the resource utilization of your design.

I/O Pin Count and Package Offering

Stratix III devices are available in space-saving FineLine®BGA packages

with various I/O pin counts. Certain package sizes support vertical

migration within different device densities, as described in “Vertical

Device Migration”. Determine the required number of I/O pins,

considering the design’s interface requirements with other system blocks.

You can compile any existing designs in the Quartus II software with the

Auto device selected by the Fitter option in the Settings dialog box to

determine how many input and output pins are used. Also consider

reserving pins for debugging, as described in “Planning for On-Chip

Debugging,” on page 13.

Vertical Device Migration

Stratix III devices support vertical migration within the same package,

which enables you to migrate to different density devices whose

dedicated pins, configuration pins, and power pins are the same for a

given package. This feature allows future upgrades or changes to your

design without any changes to the board layout, because you can replace

the Stratix III device on the board with a different density Stratix III

Altera Corporation 4

Application Note 469: Stratix III Design Guidelines

device. You can migrate from the L logic family to the E enhanced family

without increasing the amount of logic available, which minimizes the

cost of vertical migration.

Determine whether you want the option of migrating your design to

another device density. Choose your device density and package to

accommodate any possible future device migration to allow flexibility

when the design nears completion. You should specify any potential

migration options in the Quartus II software at the beginning of your

design cycle. Selecting a migration device impacts the design’s pin

placement to ensure that your design is compatible with the selected

device(s). It is possible to add migration devices later in the design cycle,

but it requires extra effort to check pin assignments, and can require

design or board layout changes to fit into the new target device. It is easier

to consider these issues early in the design cycle than at the end, when the

design is near completion and ready for migration. To specify the target

migration devices, on the Assignments menu, click Device and in the

Settings dialog box, select Migration Devices.

As described in “Making FPGA Pin Assignments,” on page 28, the Pin

Migration view in the Quartus II Pin Planner highlights pins that change

function in the migration device when compared to the currently selected

device.

HardCopy III ASIC Migration

The HardCopy methodology allows you to seamlessly prototype your

system with Stratix III FPGAs and completely prepare your system for

production, prior to ASIC design handoff. Altera’s HardCopy Design

Center uses a proven turnkey process to implement the low-cost,

low-power, functionally-equivalent, pin-compatible HardCopy III ASIC.

The result is a drop-in replacement to the prototyping Stratix III FPGA on

your system board.

You can start your HardCopy III ASIC design by targeting your design to

an appropriate Stratix III FPGA and choosing the appropriate

HardCopy III ASIC companion in the latest version of the Quartus II

software.

You can migrate between the FPGA and ASIC revisions of your project

when the Quartus II software includes these devices.

Altera Corporation 5

Application Note 469: Stratix III Design Guidelines

If you use a HardCopy device, review the HardCopy guidelines early in

the design cycle for any Quartus II software settings that should use or

other restrictions you should consider as you complete your design. For

example:

■HardCopy III devices use a 0.9-V core voltage (VCCL). So if you use a

1.1-V Stratix III device, your board design must accommodate a core

voltage change between devices.

■HardCopy devices do not support a 3.3-V VCCIO, so you should use

3.0-V or less in the Stratix III device as well.

■RAM cannot be initialized to a known value in the HardCopy ASIC

like in an FPGA. Therefore, if you plan to migrate to a HardCopy

device, your design must write RAM contents during device

operation instead of relying on memory initialization values.

■It is especially important to use complete timing constraints if you

want to migrate to a HardCopy device because of the rigorous

verification requirements for ASICs.

■Altera recommends adding the PLL reconfiguration megafunction to

your design so that you can change the PLL settings in-system on the

HardCopy III device.

fFor more information, refer to the Phase-Locked Loops

Reconfiguration Megafunction User Guide

(ALTPLL_RECONFIG).

In addition, review the HardCopy Readiness Report that is generated

during compilation when a HardCopy companion device is selected in

the Device Settings. This advises you about any incomplete I/O

assignments and provides recommendations for clock pin locations.

fFor more information and guidelines for HardCopy migrations, refer to

the HardCopy Series Handbook.

Speed Grade

The device speed grade affects the device timing performance and timing

closure, as well as power utilization. Stratix III devices are available in

three speed grades, –2, –3, and –4 (–2 is the fastest). Generally, the faster

devices have higher cost. As one way to help you determine which speed

grade your design requires, refer to the supported clock rates for specific

I/O interfaces.

fFor information about supported clock rates for memory interfaces using

I/O pins on different sides of the device in different device speed grades,

refer to the External Memory Interfaces in Stratix III Devices chapter in

volume 1 of the Stratix III Device Handbook.

Altera Corporation 6

Application Note 469: Stratix III Design Guidelines

Some designers use the fastest speed grade during prototyping to reduce

compilation time (because less time is spent optimizing the design to

meet timing requirements), and then move to a slower speed grade for

production to reduce cost if the design meets its timing requirements.

The Quartus II software optimizes and analyzes your design using

different timing models for each speed grade. If you migrate to a device

with a different speed grade, you must perform timing analysis to ensure

that there are no timing violations resulting from changes in timing

performance.

Selectable Core Voltage

Selectable core voltage gives you the option of using a 0.9-V core voltage

which increases the static and dynamic power savings compared to the

standard 1.1-V core voltage. Designs requiring the highest performance

should use the 1.1-V core voltage, while designs requiring minimum

power consumption can use the 0.9-V core voltage. Choose the core

voltage along with the device and speed grade in the Quartus II software,

because the selectable core voltage affects the Stratix III fabric

performance. The Quartus II software uses timing and power models

specific to the selected core voltage to implement all timing-dependent

and power-dependent analysis, and optimization.

If you use the low-power voltage setting, ensure that the 0.9-V option is

available for your device density, package, and speed grade combination.

There is limited speed grade support with the 0.9-V option.

Planning for

Device

Configuration

Stratix III devices are based on SRAM cells, and you must download

configuration data to the Stratix III device each time the device powers up

because SRAM memory is volatile. Choosing your device configuration

method early allows system and board designers to determine what

companion devices, if any, are needed for your system. Your board layout

also depends on the configuration method you plan to use for the

programmable device, because different schemes require different

connections. For board design guidelines related to configuration pins,

refer to “Board Design Considerations,” on page 18.

In addition, Stratix III devices offer configuration data decompression to

save configuration memory space and time, design security using data

encryption to protect your designs, and real-time remote system

upgrades. Support for these configuration features varies depending on

your configuration scheme. Stratix III devices also include optional

configuration pins and a reconfiguration option that you should choose

up front and set up in the Quartus II software, so that you have all the

information required for your board and system design.

Altera Corporation 7

Application Note 469: Stratix III Design Guidelines

This section includes the following topics:

■“Configuration Scheme Selection”

■“Configuration Features,” on page 9

■“Quartus II Configuration Settings,” on page 10

■“Configuration and Programming Files,” on page 11

fFor more information about configuration, refer to the Configuring

Stratix III Devices chapter in volume 1 of the Stratix III Device Handbook.

For more information, refer to the Configuration Center. This web page

includes links to JTAG Configuration & ISP Troubleshooter and FPGA

Configuration Troubleshooter that you can use to help debug

configuration problems.

Configuration Scheme Selection

You can configure Stratix III devices using one of four configuration

schemes:

■Fast passive parallel (FPP)

■Fast active serial (AS)

■Passive serial (PS)

■Joint Test Action Group (JTAG)

Select the configuration scheme by driving the Stratix III device MSEL

pins either high or low.

fFor more information about the supported configuration schemes, refer

to the Stratix III Device Configuration Center. For complete information

about the Stratix III supported configuration schemes, how to execute

the required configuration schemes, and all of the necessary option pin

settings, including the MSEL pin settings, refer to the Configuring

Stratix III Devices chapter in volume 1 of the Stratix III Device Handbook.

All configuration schemes use a configuration device, a download cable,

or an external controller (for example, a MAX®II device or

microprocessor).

Configuration Devices

You can use the Altera enhanced configuration devices (EPC) in the FPP

and PS configuration schemes. The Altera serial configuration devices

(EPCS) are used in the Fast AS configuration scheme. Check whether the

configuration device supports the configuration bitstream file size for

your Stratix III device. You can also use a MAX II device or a

Altera Corporation 8

Application Note 469: Stratix III Design Guidelines

microprocessor with a flash memory configuration method, or use the

compression feature to reduce the configuration file size of large

Stratix III devices.

fFor information about enhanced configuration devices, refer to the

Enhanced Configuration Devices (EPC4, EPC8, and EPC16) Data Sheet and

the Altera Enhanced Configuration Devices chapters in volume 2 of the

Configuration Handbook. For information about serial configuration

devices, refer to the Serial Configuration Devices (EPCS1, EPCS4, EPCS16,

EPCS64, and EPCS128) Data Sheet in volume 2 of the Configuration

Handbook. This datasheet includes a table that lists serial configuration

device support for Stratix III devices. If the uncompressed file size is too

large for a specific device density, the table indicates that it includes the

compression feature to reduce the file size.

Serial configuration devices do not directly support the JTAG interface;

however, you can program the device with JTAG download cables using

the Serial FlashLoader (SFL) feature in the Quartus II software. This

feature uses the FPGA as a bridge between the JTAG interface and the

configuration device, allowing both devices to use the same JTAG

interface.

1This solution is slower than standard AS configuration schemes

because the SFL solution must configure the FPGA before

programming configuration devices.

fFor more details about the SFL, refer to AN 370: Using the Serial

FlashLoader with the Quartus II Software.

Download Cables

The Quartus II programmer supports configuring Stratix III devices

directly using PS or JTAG interfaces via Altera programming download

cables. You can download design changes directly to the device with

Altera download cables, making prototyping easy and enabling you to

make multiple design iterations in quick succession. You can use the same

download cable to program configuration devices on the board and use

JTAG debugging tools such as the SignalTap II Logic Analyzer.

fFor more information about how to use Altera’s current download

cables, refer to the following documents:

■ByteBlaster II Download Cable User Guide

■USB Blaster II USB Port Download Cable User Guide

■EthernetBlaster Communications Cable User Guide

Altera Corporation 9

Application Note 469: Stratix III Design Guidelines

MAX II Parallel Flash Loader

If your system already contains common flash interface (CFI) flash

memory, you can utilize it for Stratix III device configuration storage as

well. The parallel flash loader (PFL) feature with MAX II devices allow

you to program CFI flash memory devices through the JTAG interface. It

also provides the logic to control configuration from the flash memory

device to the Stratix III device and supports compression to reduce the

size of your configuration data. Both PS and FPP configuration modes are

supported using this PFL feature. If you choose this configuration

method, you should check the list of supported flash devices early in your

system design cycle and plan accordingly.

fFor more information about PFL, refer to AN 386: Using the Parallel Flash

Loader with the Quartus II Software.

Configuration Features

This section describes Stratix III configuration features and how they

affect your design process: data compression, design security, and remote

system upgrades.

Data Compression

When you enable data compression, the Quartus II software generates

configuration files with compressed configuration data. This compressed

file reduces the storage requirements in the configuration device or flash

memory, and decreases the time needed to transmit the bitstream to the

Stratix III device. The time required by a Stratix III device to decompress

a configuration file is less than the time needed to transmit the

configuration data to the device. Stratix III devices support

decompression in the FPP (when using a MAX II device/microprocessor

+ flash), fast AS, and PS configuration schemes. The Stratix III

decompression feature is not available in the FPP (when using enhanced

configuration device) or JTAG configuration schemes.

fFor more information about data compression, refer to the Configuring

Stratix III Devices chapter in volume 1 of the Stratix III Device Handbook.

Design Security Using Configuration Bitstream Encryption

The design security feature ensures that Stratix III designs are protected

from copying, reverse engineering, and tampering using configuration

bitstream encryption. The design security feature is available when

configuring Stratix III devices using the fast passive parallel (FPP)

configuration mode with an external host (such as a MAX II device or

microprocessor), or when using fast active serial (AS) or passive serial

Altera Corporation 10

Application Note 469: Stratix III Design Guidelines

(PS) configuration schemes. The design security feature is also available

in remote update with fast AS configuration mode. The design security

feature is not available when you are configuring your Stratix III device

using FPP with an enhanced configuration device or JTAG configuration

schemes.

fFor more information about design security using configuration

bitstream encryption, refer to the Design Security in Stratix III Devices

chapter in volume 1 of the Stratix III Device Handbook.

Remote System Upgrades

Stratix III devices support remote update in the AS configuration scheme.

You can implement remote update in conjunction with real-time

decompression of configuration data if you need to save configuration

memory space in the serial configuration device with AS configuration.

To implement the remote system upgrade interface, you can use the

ALTREMOTE_UPDATE megafunction or instantiate a remote system

upgrade atom.

fFor more information about making remote system upgrades, refer to

the Remote System Upgrades with Stratix III Devices chapter in volume 1 of

the Stratix III Device Handbook. For more information about the

altremote_update megafunction, refer to the Remote Update Circuitry

Megafunction User Guide (ALTREMOTE_UPDATE).

Quartus II Configuration Settings

This section covers several configuration options that you can set in the

Quartus II software before you compile to generate configuration or

programming files. Your board and system design are affected by these

settings and pins.

Optional Configuration Pins

You can enable the following optional configuration pins on the General

tab of the Device and Pin Options dialog box:

■CLKUSR pin—The Enable user-supplied start-up clock (CLKUSR)

option enables you to select which clock source is used for

initialization, either the internal oscillator or an external clock

provided on the CLKUSR pin.

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