Allied Data Technologies TRON SECURE 33.6 Manual de usuario

EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY

The present manual by Allied Data Technologies BV (hereinafter referred to as AD Technologies)

reflects the present state of the art of the products described therein. We have endeavored to

give a description that is as complete and clear as possible in order to make work with our

products as easy as possible for you. All the same, the manual may contain technical

inaccuracies and typing errors. As a result of the rapid advance in the art, we must also reserve

the right to incorporate technical alterations and developments without separate advance notice.

That is why AD Technologies does not give any warranty for the contents of the manual and for

its continuing applicability.

Nor is AD Technologies liable for any loss of information or any incorrect use of information that

might result from consultation of the manual. Particularly, AD Technologies is not liable for

damage, nor indirect damage (including damage caused by financial loss, delays affecting

business transactions or interruptions of business and similar consequences), arising from the

use or improper use of this manual, not even in the case where it was pointed out to AD

Technologies or an agent of AD Technologies that such damage might be sustained. This does

not, of course, affect our legal liability for damages based on any intent or gross negligence.

With respect to the data given in this manual, AD Technologies does not warrant the non-

existence of industrial property rights (trademarks, patents, utility models, etc.). Nor are trade

names, brand names, company names and product names in general use but are subject to the

relevant trademark, patent, utility model and registered design rights.

Theinformationmustneitherinwholenoreveninpartbecopied,translated,reproducedorinany

other way transferred to or stored on any electronic medium or other machine.

The purchase and use of software are governed by the General Conditions of Delivery and

Payment as well as the Terms of Licence of AD Technologies.

If any of the provisions on the exclusion of liability or on use are or become ineffective for

statutory reasons, this will not affect the other provisions.

Web-Jet , TelTron, TRON-DF, QuaTron,Tele-Talk,Triterm,Trion,Duon,andVidiTron

are registered trademarks of Allied Data Technologies BV.

TRON SECURE 33.6

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ALLIED DATA TECHNOLOGIES BV

P.O.Box 788

NL-3200 AS SPIJKENISSE

The Netherlands

Allied Data Technologies BV - Allways one step ahead2

TRON SECURE 33.6

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1 DATA COMMUNICATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.1 Data bits, parity bits and speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.2 ASCII and the meaning of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.3 Function of the modem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.4 Setting up a connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.5 Transmission techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.6 Originate and answer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.7 The modem is transparent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2 INSTALLATION OF THE MODEM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.1 Description TRON SECURE 33.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.2 What else do you need?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.3 Connection of the TRON SECURE 33.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.4 Establishment of a data connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3 MODEM COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.1 Command mode and data mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.2 Structure of a command line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3.3 List of AT commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.4 Explanation of the AT commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4 SECURE FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.1 General Secure Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.2 Auto Dial Back. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.3 Data Encryption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.4 LOG function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

5 S-REGISTERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5.1 Bit Mapped S-registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5.2 S-Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

5.3 Explanation of the S-registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

6 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

6.1 Full Speed adaption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

6.2 Automatic flow control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

6.3 Error correction and data compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

APPENDIX A Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

APPENDIX B RS232C Connector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

APPENDIX C ASCII Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

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INTRODUCTION

This manual describes how to use the TRON SECURE 33.6 modems.

Two modems connect two computers over a longer distance through a telephone line. Data can

be received from or sent to the other computer. In this way, contact can also be made with an

external database. Information in this database can be read and if necessary, it can be received.

This manual does not describe all steps that are necessary for data communication. The fact is,

a number of transactions depend on the communication program that is used.

The manual is mainly meant to give a survey of the application possibilities of the TRON Secure

33.6 modems.

Who should read this manual?

In this manual both the novice and the experienced user will find the information that he or she

needs. For openers, chapter 1 is interesting for the first category. In this chapter general

information is given about data communication and the use of a modem. The alphabetical

description of the modem com-mands and the S registers (chapter 3 and 4) can be used as a

reference book by both kinds of users.

Manual conventions

In the first chapter, data communication in general is explained. The second chapter describes

the TRON TD desk model, the installation and putting the modem into use. Chapter 3 explains the

normal AT-commands, where chapter 4 covers the special Secure-commands. In chapter 5, the S

registers are discussed. Finally, chapter five gives an enumeration of the specific possibili-ties of

the TRON TD modems.

In the appendices, background information is provided about a number of aspects, such as the

technical specifications and the ASCI-I table. Naturally, the keyword list is an essential element

of the manual.

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TRON SECURE 33.6

1 DATA COMMUNICATION

Computers can exchange (communicate) data (information) through a disk (floppy disk), through

the connection of two serial ports, or through a network.

With the use of a modem, information is exchanged through the serial (or RS232) port.

1.1 Data bits, parity bits and speed

The RS232 standard describes how serial information is processed (passed on). In the computer,

bits are processed simultaneously (parallel). Through the serial port, these bits are passed on one

by one. A couple of extra bits are sent along to assure that the receiving side can interpret them

correctly.Thesebitsare:astartingbit,theso-calledparitybit(forerror detection), and one or two

stop bits. Together this forms a frame or character.

The two frames used most frequently for standard asynchronous communi-cation are built up as

follows: 1 start bit + 7 data bits + 1 parity bit + 1 stop bit or

1 start bit + 8 data bits + 1 stop bit

Beside the frame (character), the speed (baudrate) has to be set as well. The speed is expressed

in Bits per Second (bps) or baud. Although there is a differen-ce, these concepts are often used

alternately. However, the indication bps is always correct. Therefore, at V21 300 bps is the same

as 300 baud. However, at V22bis a 2400 bps connection is 600 baud. This is the case since per

modulation (per baud), 4 bits are transferred simultaneously.

Possible speeds are: 75, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 7200, 9600, 12000, 14400, 16800, 21600, 24000,

26400, 28800, 31200 and 33600 bps.

When the data bits, parity bits, and speed have been set on both sides (sender and receiver), a

connection can be established. Information can then be exchanged.

1.2 ASCII and the meaning of data

For the interpretation of received data, with most programs the ASCII table is used as a basis, in

which each character has a unique bit combination. Sending text is relatively simple if both sides

stick to this ASCII table.

Control characters are also included in the ASCII table. These are characters that do not

represent characters or punctuation, but comman-ds that may be followed by a certain action.

An example of such a command is the ASCII character with the number 12 (Form Feed).

This command assures that the printer moves to the next page.

This way, we also have characters which are used in data communication to indicate the

beginning of a text block that we would like to send (char.2 STX: Start of text) or its end (char.3

ETX: End of Text). There are also characters, that inform the sender whether a text block was

received correctly or not. This is done by character 6 (ACK: acknowledge) and 21 (NAK: negati-

ve(ly) acknowledge).

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Sending computer programs instead of text is a little more complicated. After all, in a program

each combination of data-bits can occur and therefore also a combination that represents a

control character. For each (type of) computer, the meanings of these combinations can be

different. Most of the time, sending programs between different kinds of computers therefore

requires a conversion at the sender and the receiver. If a conversion is used, it is even possible

to send programs as text. Among others, this is done with Prestel and Teletel.

1.3 Function of the modem

Wehave seenthatcomputerscanexchange information through the serial port if both sidesstick

to a number of agreements. With a direct connection of two serial ports, it is only possible to

bridge a limited distance (about 50 feet or 15 meters).

The telephone network is used to bridge a greater distance. It is an existing infrastructure by

which connections can be established all over the world.

However, the telephone network is not suitable to process digital signals. Only analog signals

(voice) can be processed correctly.

Technically this can be solved as follows: the sender converts (modulates) the digital signals of

the serial port into analog signals that are suitable for the telephone line. The receiver converts

(demodulates) these analog signals again into digital ones and sends these to its serial port.

We call the device that can carry out these conversions a modem (MOdulator / DEModulator).

A modem’s function is therefore the conversion of digital (RS232C) into analog signals and vice

versa.

However, with communication through a telephone line, a number of additional agreements are

necessary:

1. It must be possible to establish a connection automatically (see paragraph 1.4)

2. The analog signal has to meet international agreements (see paragraph 1.5)

1.4 Setting up a connection

Establishing a data connection through the telephone line can be done in two different ways.

1. The easiest way is when first a normal (voice) connection is established and

subsequently is switched to a data connection (communication through the modems)

by hand.

2. A faster way is when the modem itself is capable to establish the connection (dialling a

number) and the other modem can answer independently. This is called auto dial and

auto answer respectively.

Through a communication program, the auto dial modem receives a command to dial a telephone

number. When the other modem is in the auto answer mode, this one detects that the bell rings

and it picks up the receiver, after which a data connection is established.

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1.5 Transmission techniques

Modems for lower communication speeds (until 1200 bps) all work according to the same

principle: the so-called FSK modulation (Frequency Shift Keying). FSK works according to the

method of converting a digital signal, existing of zeros and ones, into tones.

The “0” has another pitch (frequency) than the “1”. The receiving modem recognizes the two

pitches that it receives and for its part, it forms again a digital signal out of the analog signal.

During the connection, the sender always transmits a tone. When at ease, the signal of the serial

port is “1” and the modem sends out the corresponding tone. We call this tone the CARRIER. The

receiving modem knows that there is a connection with another modem by detecting this carrier.

With FSK modulation, the pitch of the transmitted signal always has to be higher than the speed

of the transmitted data. Therefore, for a 300 bps connection, both tones have to be higher than 300

Hz (for example 1000 and 1200 Hz).

The telephone line is capable to pass on tones correctly until about 3000 Hz. This makes

communication in both directions possible: the fact is, the receiver sends back other tones, for

example tones of 1700 and 1900 Hz. As a result of this, the receiver is also sender in the other

direction. This is called a full -duplex connection.

It may be clear that for speeds higher then 2400 bps, it is not possible anymore to generate a “0”

and a “1” at a far enough distance from each other twice within the 3000 Hz of the telephone line.

Also at 1200 bps this is already a problem.

In this case, there are three possibilities:

1. communication only in one direction: half duplex; at certain moments, a switch can be

made so that information can be sent back too;

2. communication backwards (the other way around) at a lower speed, the so-called

backchannel. The latter is used a lot if much more information has to be sent in one

direction than in the other direction;

3. modulation according to a technique, at which several bits are sent at the same time.

A half duplex connection with backchannel works as follows: If the one modem sends a 1200 bps

signal with tones of 1300 and 2100 Hz, the other modem can send back a 75 bps signal with tones

of 390 and 450 Hz.

Many computers are not capable to process this so-called split baudrate on the serial port just

like that. In that case, an extra task for the modem is speed conversion, also indicated as a speed

convertor. The modem converts for the computer a signal entering at 75 bps to a 1200 bps and on

the other side, the modem converts the 1200 bps signal of the computer to a 75 bps signal for

sending.

Other modulation methods are used for higher communication speeds (1200 bps and up).

Thus, at V22 (1200 bps full duplex), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is used, at V22bis (2400

bps full duplex) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), and at V32bis, V.34 (33600 bps full

duplex) Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM).

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1.6 Originate and answer

It is necessary to make agreements which modem uses which tone sets. For this purpose, the

terms “originate” and “answer” are used. The modem that builds up the connection, sticks to the

originate tones, the other one uses the answer tones. The originate modem sends as agreed with

the low tones and the answer modem with the high tones.

For a backchannel connection, this means that the originate modem sends with the low baudrate

and the answer modem with the high baudrate.

With a full duplex connection, both modems use the same baudrate and the tones for “0” and

“1”are different.

1.7 The modem is transparent

We have seen how the two computers can be connected with each other and how the

communication takes place. When a connection has been established, it is possible to send data

between both computers. The modem only serves to establish the connection, after that they are

fully transparent.

Nevertheless, sometimes communication can go wrong.

If you get “strange”characters on the screen during a connection with a data base, the setting of

the communication program will have to be changed, for example the number of data bits, the

parity bit, or the baudrate. This problem is not caused by the modem. The modem functions as a

hatch.

With Prestel systems (like Videotex), one has to use a program that is especially meant for the

graphical Videotex characters. The fact is, Videotex does not work with the standard ASCII

characters, but it has its own character set. Therefore, strange characters will appear on the

screen if you refer to Videotex with a program which is meant for ASCII.

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