Victor V12 Manual de usuario

Owners Guide

V12 Financial Calculator

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY

Preface

Congratulations on your purchase of the V12 financial

calculator from Victor Technology. Victor has been serving

customers since 1918. Today, Victor offers a complete line

of printing, handheld, desktop, scientific, and financial

calculators. For more information please see our website

at www.victortech.com or call us at 1-800-628-2420.

Victor: The Choice of Professionals

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Where to Start .................................. 6

Powering On and Off ............................................. 6

Controlling screen contrast .................................... 6

Keyboard Dynamics............................................... 6

Entering Digits ....................................................... 6

Decimal Placement................................................ 6

Entering Large Amounts ........................................ 7

Entering Small Amounts ........................................ 7

Changing the Sign of a Number............................. 7

Using the Clear Function ....................................... 8

ALG and RPN Setting Functions ........................... 8

RPN method .......................................................... 9

Sequential Calculations in RPN method ................ 9

Storage Capacity and Recalling Entered Data....... 9

Chapter 2: The First Steps to Financial Functions11

Using the Financial Storage Registers................. 11

Saving to a Register ............................................ 11

Resetting Saved Data .......................................... 11

Basic Interest Calculations................................... 11

Basic Financial Calculations ................................ 14

Positive and Negative Cash Flows ......................14

Payment Function................................................ 14

The special relationship between i. and n. ........15

Determining Interest Rate: Solving for i. ............ 15

Determining Present Value: Solving for PV ........ 16

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Determining Payment Amount: Solving for PMT 17

Determining Future Value: Solving for FV ......... 18

Determining Number of Periods: Solving for n.. 19

Loan With Balloon Payment................................. 19

Amortization Function .......................................... 20

Chapter 3: Other Financial Calculations......... 22

NPV (Net Present Value) ..................................... 22

Grouped Cash Flows ........................................... 23

Replacing Current Cash Flow Value Data ........... 25

Determining Values with Depreciation ................. 26

Determining Bond Values .................................... 28

Percentages......................................................... 30

Calendar Operations............................................ 32

Determining Number of Days Between Dates ..... 33

Chapter 4: Other Operational Features............ 35

Full Figure Display ............................................... 37

Other Display Settings ......................................... 37

LST X................................................................... 38

x ↔y.................................................................... 39

Statistical Features and Functions....................... 39

Recovering Incorrectly Entered Statistical Data... 40

Standard Deviation Entries .................................. 41

Mean Values........................................................ 41

Linear Estimates for x and y ................................ 42

Weighted Mean Values........................................ 43

Mathematical Features and Functions................. 44

Power Features in ALG method........................... 49

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Power Features in RPN method .......................... 49

Chapter 5: The Basics of Programming ........... 50

Creating Your Own Program................................ 50

Executing Your Own Program ............................. 53

Program Memory Basics...................................... 54

Determining Program Line Instructions................ 54

Program line 000 and the GTO 000 instruction:...56

Performing a Program One Line at a Time .......... 56

Setting the Calculator to a Specific Program Line 59

Interrupting a Program During Execution............. 59

Stopping a Program During Execution................. 61

Chapter 6: Branch & Loop Programs ............... 63

Branching with Conditions ................................... 63

Storing More Than One Program......................... 66

Chapter 7: Editing Your Programs ................... 67

Inserting Instructions Into a Program ................... 68

Inserting Instructions at the End of a Program..... 70

Chapter 8: Error Messages .............................. 72

VICTOR TECHNOLOGY

Chapter 1: Where to Start

Powering On and Off

Turn the unit on by touching the ON button. To turn the unit off, touch the ON

button again. The calculator will automatically power off after 7 minutes if not

used.

When the calculator is experiencing a low battery charge, a battery icon will

appear in the top left corner of the display screen.

Controlling screen contrast

To change the contrast of the display screen for optimal viewing, hold down the

.b button and touch X or ÷ keys until desired contrast is reached.

Keyboard Dynamics

Most buttons perform multiple functions. The primary function is displayed on

the center of the button, while alternative functions of the same button are

imprinted on the bottom side of the button, below the button, or above the

button. Alternate functions are obtainable by using one of two colored prefix

buttons prior to entering the function desired. The colors of the prefix buttons

match the alternative functions. The prefix buttons are b (blue) and r (red).

Entering Digits

To enter a digit, touch the number buttons and decimal place ..button in the

same order as they would appear on paper.

Decimal Placement

On the display, digits are separated with commas left of the decimal place. To

change the decimal point period icon to a comma and the comma icon to a

decimal point, turn the V12 off, touch and hold the decimal point button . , and

touch the ON button. Repeat this process again to reset these placements to

the standard display.

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Entering Large Amounts

The V12 displays numbers up to 10 digits. Scientific notation allows numbers

longer than 10 digits to be entered. To perform this function, enter the number

with the decimal point moved to the left. Keep track of how many positions the

decimal point moved. Next touch the EEX button and enter the number of

positions the decimal point was moved. Touch the ENTER key to complete the

entry.

Example

To enter a value of 7,894,300,000,000 the decimal place should move 12

spaces to the left leaving a mantissa of 7.8943 with an exponent of 12.

ENTRIES DISPLAY

7.8943 EEX 12 7.894300 12

Displays the figure in scientific notation.

These scientific notation numbers can be used in calculations the same as any

number.

Entering Small Amounts

Scientific notation allows numbers more than 10 decimal places below zero to

be entered. To perform this function, enter the number with the decimal point

moved to the right. Keep track of how many positions the decimal point moved.

Next touch the EEX button and enter the number of positions the decimal point

was moved. Touch the CHS key to make the number negative. Touch the

ENTER key to complete the entry. For example, to enter the number

.00000000047823456 we move the decimal point 10 positions. We enter

4.7823456, touch EEX, enter 10, touch CHS, and touch ENTER The display

will show 4.782345 -10.

Changing the Sign of a Number

The CHS button allows a changing of the sign of a number. If a negative value

is entered, or comes as a solution, touching the CHS button will make it a

positive. Likewise, touching the CHS button after a positive value is displayed

on the screen will change its sign to a negative.

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Using the Clear Function

Clearing replaces the displayed value with zero and replaces the previous

instruction with the r GTO 000 instruction when programming. There are

many ways of clearing data, outlined here:

BUTTONS WILL CLEAR

.b CLEAR REG Storage registers, block and last x register,

and display screen

.bCLEAR FIN Financial registers

.bCLEAR ∑ Statistical registers (121- R)1

block registers and display screen

.bCLEAR

PRGM

Program memory (when touched in program

mode)

CLX Display screen and x register

ALG and RPN Setting Functions

RPN MODE ALG MODE

4 ENTER 2 X.4 X 2 =

The ALG method enables calculations for addition, subtraction, multiplication,

and division (with or without parentheses) in the standard method.

To select the ALG method. Touch b ALG , and the ALG icon will appear.

Sequential Calculations in ALG method

To complete a sequential calculation, touch = at the end of your entries and

not after every entry.

Example: 5 X 2 + 3 – 4 ÷ 3 = 3.00

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RPN method

To select the RPN method, touch b RPN , and the RPN icon appears.

With RPN method enabled, you can perform basic calculations with two

numbers and with multiplication, addition, division, or subtraction. It is

necessary to enter both numbers in the equation, and then select the

mathematical operation to be used.

Touching ENTER between number entries allows a separation of the different

values within the calculator, and after entering the second value, selecting the

mathematical operation completes the calculation.

Sequential Calculations in RPN method

Once a solution from a previous entry has been found and is on the display

screen, enter the next value and select the mathematical operation to be

performed.

Example: 5 ENTER 2 X 3 + 4 - 3 ÷ .

Note: The display will show the answer: 3.00

Storage Capacity and Recalling Entered Data

Information entered into the calculator is stored to memory in different registers

within the calculator. There are registers for data storage during calculations

called blocks (covered later in this manual) and also a LST X register that

stores the value last on the display screen before an operation when using the

RPN method.

In addition to these storage registers, up to 20 more information registers are

available for storing values manually. The registers are called R0 through R9,

and R . 0 through R . 9 (with the decimal point in front of the number). Note:

In this manual, ..represents the decimal point key.

To store numbers into a register, touch STO , and then touch the register

number desired [either (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9), or ( ..0, . 1, . 2, . 3, .

4, . 5, . 6, . 7, . 8, . 9) ].

To recall a previously stored value, touch RCL , and similarly select the

desired stored value number, R0 through R9, and R ...0 through R . 9.

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To delete stored values, enter zero, touch STO , and select the register to be

deleted, R0 through R9, and R .. 0 through R .. 9. (Note: Designating a new

value instead of 0 also replaces the old value set to the register)

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