Toro 303447 Instrucciones de funcionamiento

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Program Study Workbook

To The Technician: The following Program Study Workbook is designed to enhance

your understanding of small engine operation and troubleshooting.

The format is designed to increase your comprehension of important concepts and

material that are addressed in the manual.

This Service Training material should also be utilized as future reference materials to be

used one your return back at your workplace.

If you still have questions or want further explanations/clarifications, talk with other

attendees here, and/or the Training Instructor for additional explanation or discussion.

Make the most productive use of your time in this program. The clearer the

understanding you have of the information provided the more effective you become to

your employer.

Bloomington, MN 55068 U.S.A.

Printed in the U.S.A.

GoodafternoonandonbehalfoftheToroCompany,

thanksforattendingthisinformationalsessiononSmall

EngineTroubleshooting.

Ifthroughthecourseofthispresentation,youhaveany

questionspleasefeelfreetoask.

Thissessionisforyouandnooneshouldleavewithout

gettingtheirquestionsasked.

Smallenginesareanimportantcomponentofmanyof

themachinesthatareneededtomaintainturfareasand

performothermaintenancejobs.

Smallenginesareveryreliableandwithpropercareand

maintenancewilllastalongtime

However,whiletheyaredependablecomponents,when

theydonotperformasneeded,theycanbeoneofthe

mostfrustratingdevicesinourselectionoftoolsand

machines.

Themostcommoncomplaintaboutsmallenginesisthat

they“WONTSTART”

Thesecondmostcommoncomplaintisthatitruns,but

runspoorly.

Inthisprogramwewilldiscusswhatisneededforthese

enginestostart,whatisneededfromthemtorun

properlyandwhattestsandtroubleshootingstepscanbe

usedwheneitherofthesetwosituationsare

encountered.

Let'sexaminehowtoidentifytheproblemyoumayface

withasmallengine.

Ifyouhaveano‐startissueorapoorperformanceissue,

therearesomeFactsthatweneedtounderstandwhen

troubleshootingtheseengines.

WewilllookattheFACTS

F—Fuel

A–Air

C–Compression

T–Timing

S–Spark

Fortheenginetorunproperlyweneedtohave,Fuel,Air,

Compression,Timing&Spark.

Thesewillbediscussedinmoredepthlaterinthis

program.

Tobegin,weneedtoidentifytheenginetogetthecorrect

enginespecs,testingspecsandadjustmentinformation.

Theenginewillnormallyhavean“EngineIdentification”

numberontheengine.

Itmaybeontheenginehousing,onthevalvecoveroron

anenginesideplate.

Thesenumbersmayincludeamodel,type,andcode

BriggsandStrattonforexample,providethefollowing

informationthroughtheirnumberingsystem.

Modelprovidesengineconfigurationinformation.

Typelistspecificparts,paintcolor,OEMinformation.

Codeprovidesspecificmanufacturingdateandplant

information.

ThisisanexampleofabasicBriggs&Strattonenginenumber.

Model303447Type1234‐01Code01061201



Cubic Inch

Displacement

Basic Design

Series

Crankshaft, Carburetor,

Governor

PTO Bearing, Reduction Gear,

Auxiliary Drive, Lubrication

0-9

A-Z 0 - Horizontal Shaft, Diaphragm

Carburetor, Pneumatic Governor

1 - Horizontal Shaft, Vacu-Jet

Carburetor, Pneumatic Governor

2 - Horizontal Shaft, Pulsa-Jet

Carburetor, Pneumatic or

Mechanical Governor

3 - Horizontal Shaft, Flo-Jet

Carburetor, Pneumatic Governor

4 - Horizontal Shaft, Vacu-Jet

Carburetor, Mechanical Governor

5 - Vertical Shaft, Vacu-Jet

Carburetor, Pneumatic or

Mechanical Governor

6 - Vertical Shaft

7 - Vertical Shaft, Flo-Jet

Carburetor, Pneumatic or

Mechanical Governor

8 - Vertical Shaft, Flo-Jet

Carburetor, Mechanical Governor

9 - Vertical Shaft, Pulsa-Jet

Carburetor, Pneumatic or

Mechanical Governor

0 - Plain Bearing / DU, Non-

Flange Mount

1 - Plain Bearing, Flange

Mounting

2 - Sleeve Bearing

Flange, Mounting, Splash Lube

3 - Ball Bearing, Flange

Mounting, Splash Lube

4 - Ball Bearing, Flange

Mounting, Pressure Lubrication

on Horizontal Shaft

5 - Plain Bearing, Gear Reduction

(6 to 1), CW Rotation, Flange

Mounting

6 - Plain Bearing, Gear Reduction

(6 to 1), CW Rotation, Flange

Mounting

7 - Plain Bearing, Pressure

Lubrication on Vertical Shaft

8 - Plain Bearing, Auxiliary Drive

(PTO) Perpendicular to

Crankshaft

9 - Plain Bearing, Auxiliary Drive

(PTO) Parallel to Crankshaft

Usingthepreviouschart,wecanseethatthe303447refertothefollowingenginespec.

30CubicInch,designseries3,horizontalcrankshaft,ballbearing,pressurelubricatedenginewithan

electricstartedandgeardrivealternator.

ThetypenumberlistspecificationnormallyrelatedtotheOEMoptionsandrequirement.

Thisincludedtheenginepaintcolor,governedspeedandOEMinformation.

Thecodetellsusthatthisenginewasbuilt,June12,2001online1,plant1.

Allofthisinformationisneededtoproperlytest,adjustandrepairtheengine.

FortheenginetorunthereareEight(8)eventsarerequiredfora2or4cycleenginetooperate.

First,Airisdrawnintothecylinder

Thecorrectamountoffuelismeteredintotheair

Theairandfuelaremixed

Theairfuelmixtureiscompressed

Thesparkplugfiresstartingcombustion

Combustioncausesarapidriseintemperature.Theincreasedtemperaturecausespressuretoincrease

whichproducesaforceonthepiston.

Theconnectingrodandcrankshaftconvertsthelinearmotiontorotarymotion.

Theburntgasesareexpelledfromtheengine.

Donotconfusetheseeventswiththefourstrokes(events)ofafourcycleengine.

Everyonehasheardofthefourstrokeorfourcycleengine.

Afour‐strokeengine,alsoknownasfour‐cycle,isaninternalcombustionengineinwhichthepiston

completesfourseparatestrokes—intake,compression,power,andexhaust—duringtwoseparate

revolutionsoftheengine'scrankshaft,andonesinglecombustioncycle.

INTAKEstroke:ontheintakeorinductionstrokeofthepiston,thepistondescendsfromthetopofthe

cylindertothebottomofthecylinder,reducingthepressureinsidethecylinder.Amixtureoffuelandair,

isforcedbyatmosphericpressureintothecylinderthroughtheintakeport.Theintakevalve(s)then

close.Thevolumeofair/fuelmixturethatisdrawnintothecylinder,relativetothevolumeofthe

cylinderiscalled,thevolumetricefficiencyoftheengine.

Detail

PistonmovesfromTDCtoBDC

Intakevalveopen

Exhaustvalveclosed

Pistonmovementcausesanareaoflowpressuretodevelopinthecombustionchamber.

Higherambientatmosphericpressureforcesairthroughtheintakesystem.

Ingascarburetedenginetheairpicksupthefuelasitpassesthroughthecarburetor.

Ingasfuelinjectedenginesthegasisaddedtotheairthroughaninjector.

InDieselenginesthefuelisinjectedintothecylinderattheendofthecompressionstroke.

180degreesofrotation

Anythingthatrestrictstheflowofairwillreduceengineperformance.

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