Tigertronics BayPac BP-96A Guía

BayPac BP-96A Packet Modem

154 Hillview Drive Grants Pass, Oregon 97527

(541) 474-6700 Fax: (541) 474-6703 Internet: http://www.tigertronics.com

Installation & Operation

- INTRODUCTION -

The Model BP-96A is an enhanced version of the BayCom

Team's 9600 Baud PICPAR modem, which is sold in

Germany as a kit. The Tigertronics version of this modem

employs "surface mount technology" and comes completely

assembled and tested. This superior technology permits use

of robotic assembly, resulting in a vastly smaller unit with

enhanced reliability and lower cost. Power consumption has

also been improved. In fact, power consumption is now so

low, that the BP-96A can get all of it’s operating power from

your computers parallel port!

It should be noted that installation and setup of ANY High

Speed Modem requires some technical expertise and access

to the proper test equipment. Operation at 9600 baud is

much less “forgiving” than 1200 baud, so proper adjustment

of both receive level and transmit deviation is critical for

reliable operation. You will need a radio that is “9600 baud

ready” or one that has undergone appropriate modification

for high speed operation. Normal “voice grade” radios will

not work properly without extensive modification. These

instructions assume that your radio is “9600 baud ready”.

Installation of the BP-96A is a two-step process. The first

step involves connecting the unit to your radio and computer.

This document will help you through that process. The

second step involves setting the transmit audio level. In

addition, you will of course need to install BayCom

compatible TNC emulation software on your computer.

Currently, only BayCom v1.6 supports 9600 baud operation.

If you did not obtain Version 1.6 when you purchased your

modem and do not already have a copy, you will need to

purchase it separately from the authors or from Tigertronics.

Note that previous (Shareware) versions of BayCom did not

support 9600 baud operation and WILL NOT work with this

modem.

- WHAT YOU WILL NEED -

To run the software you will need a 10 MHz (or faster) IBM

AT compatible computer, with a parallel interface port.

Normally, the BP-96A should be plugged directly into the

parallel port connector on the computer. If you wish to

attach the BP-96 to a cable or switch box, you should use a

cable that us FULLY SHIELDED and no longer than 3 feet.

A cable is supplied with the modem for connecting to your

radio. It has a DB-9 male connector on one end. You will

need to install whatever connector is appropriate for your

radio on the other. If your computer can not supply

sufficient power to the modem, then you will also need an

external power source of 8-14V DC at approximately 10ma.

- BP-96A BLOCK DIAGRAM -

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the BP-96A modem. The

modem is connected via six signal lines to the Centronics

interface on the PC. The transmission of the RX and TX

data is done serially since the Centronics interface has only

four input lines.

PTT

DCD

CLK/16

TXD

RXD

D/A

Converter

Analog

LP-Filter

Analog

LP-Filter

FIR-Filter

PIC 16C84

Modulator

From

Demodulator

BURST

Data - FIFO

DCD

Clock Recovery

Data -

Reconstruction

Printer Port

Figure 1 - Block diagram of the BP-96A modem.

Grants Pass, Oregon

The RX and TX data is transmitted in 16 bit bursts each via

the interface. The sixteen bits of TX data are written via

TxD into the modems TX buffer (shift register). This data

transfer is controlled by the BURST line. Once in the TX

buffer, the bits are clocked out by the TX clock and sent

through a digital filter. An analog filter removes the

unwanted sampling signals from the digital filter. Although

necessary for a G3RUH-compatible signal, the data is not

scrambled in the hardware. This is done in the software,

such that the data reaching the modem is already scrambled

and NRZI coded.

On the RX side, the demodulated AF from the receiver is fed

into a low pass filter and then into a binary discriminator.

The discriminator compares the signal with the average of

the bit stream (which consists of approximately as many

binary ones as zeros). The raw data bit stream now needs to

be sampled at the right time, i.e., in the middle of each bit.

To do this, the clock of the received signal is recovered by a

digital phase locked loop circuit (implemented in the

PIC16C84). The raw data bit stream is then sampled at this

clock rate and fed into the RX buffer. The CLK/16 line then

tells the PC that the RX buffer is full and should be read

again by the BURST line.

- THE INTERFACE -

The buffering and the burst transfer of data between the

modem and the PC is the most complex part of the modem.

The interface circuitry is used for both TX and RX data.

The direction of the data is determined by the PTT signal, so

the modem will only support semi-duplex operation. Figure

2 shows a block diagram of the interface circuitry. The

interface consists of two shift registers connected in series,

and a control circuit which generates the clock signals for the

shift registers and toggles the direction of data flow.

16 bit shift register

SR1 SR2

16 bit shift register

Interface

PTT BURST RXCLK TXCLK Aux. CLK

CLK/16

TxD to

Modem

RxD to PC

RxD from

Modem

TxD

from PC

CLK CLK

Figure 2 - Block diagram of the interface.

During transmission, the PC sends 16 bits of TX data into

SR1 via a serial line, controlled by the BURST signal. At

the same time, SR2 is being read bitwise by the modem at a

rate determined by the modem's TX clock. Once SR2 has

been emptied, the contents of SR1 are shifted into SR2 at

high speed. Then, the CLK/16 line signals the PC that SR1

has been emptied and that another 16 bits of TX data may be

written into SR1 with the burst signal.

During reception, the functions are reversed. The

regenerated RX clock writes RX data into SR1. After 16

clock cycles, SR1 is full and its contents are transferred to

SR2 at high speed. The PC is then signaled with the CLK/16

line that SR2 is full, and can be read using the burst signal.

The complete control circuitry is built using a PIC16C84

microcontroller. All control signals for the shift register

toggling and the data transfer between the shift registers are

derived from the RX and TX clocks as well as the BURST

signal and an 1.228 auxiliary clock. A 4517 dual shift

- THE TX BRANCH -

During transmission , the TX data bits in SR2 are shifted into

another 8-bit shift register. This shift register then makes the

bits available to the PIC16C84 microcontroller. The

PIC16C84 digitally filters the TX data bits and converts

them from digital to analog. The analog signal is then fed

into a low pass filter (IC5) which removes the high

frequency components from the converters output. C16 then

removes the DC offset (which can lead to an RX shift in

some radios), and the signal is sent to the radio for

transmission.

- THE RX BRANCH -

During reception, the received signal is passed through a low

pass filter (IC4A), and then to IC4B, which acts as a

discriminator. The output of IC4B is then passed to the

PIC16C84 microcontroller (IC3), where the receive clock is

recovered. The PIC16C84 then passes the raw data to the

computer via the parallel port.

- AUXILIARY CIRCUITS -

The BP-96A can be powered by either the computers parallel

port, or by an external power supply. If an external power

supply is used, then the external power (8-14 V DC) is shunt

regulated (by R1, R2 and D1) to a constant 4.5 volt level.

Power obtained from the parallel port is not regulated, since

the voltage levels on the parallel port are no more that 5

volts.

The radios PTT line is controlled by a FET transistor (Q4)

capable of sinking about 75ma at 12 volts. This transistor

keys the radio by shorting the PTT line through ground. If

your radio needs some other keying arrangement (not likely),

then you will need to provide it. If your radio is an older

model with high voltage or high current on the PTT line, you

will need to install a small relay to do the keying.

- INSTALLATION -

The installation of the modem is relatively strait forward.

But, before you begin, be sure you have reviewed your

radios documentation to verify that it is 9600 baud

compatible and that you have the correct connectors on hand

to interface to it. You will also want to check your

computers manual to determine the address and interrupt

number for the parallel port you intend to use. The BayCom

software defaults to the “standard” parallel printer port

(LPT1). Be sure that you have thoroughly read the BayCom

v1.6 software documentation before proceeding.

- CONNECTING THE COMPUTER -

The modem can be plugged directly into the PC parallel port

connector or attached with a “Centronics” type extension

cable (DB-25 male to DB-25 female). The cable should be

as short as possible and under no circumstances should it be

longer than 3 feet. Note that many “Serial” cables of this

type DO NOT contain all the necessary lines. If you wish to

construct your own cable, only the wires shown in Figure 3

need to be wired:

2 = TxD 3 = PTT 4 = BURST 10 = CLK/16 12 = RxD

18-25 = GND

- - - - - - - - -

13 = DCD

Figure 3 - Wiring of the Centronics cable.

The male DB-25 connector on the cable is plugged into the

parallel port of the computer (like a printer would be).

- CONNECTING THE RADIO -

All wires required for connecting the radio to the modem are

available on the DB-9 connector on the front of the modem.

5 = RX-AF 3 = PTT 1 = TX-AF

6-9 = GND

5 1

9 6

Figure 4 - Wiring of radio connector.

At this stage it is appropriate to mention that most radios

must be converted for 9600 baud operation. So far (mid-

1997), only a few radios are available commercially that

allow for the direct connection of 9600 baud FSK modems.

When choosing a radio, please keep in mind that the rx/tx

switching time on most synthesized radios is very long and

will therefore limit throughput since you will require a rather

long TX Delay setting. The PTT line is active low

(grounded during transmit).

- CONNECTING THE MODEM -

Connect the modem to the radio with the appropriate

cabling. Next, turn on the computer. In rare cases, it is

possible that the radio will go into transmit mode

immediately. This is because sometimes the computers

parallel port powers up without resetting it’s output lines. If

this happens, simply turn off the radio until BayCom

software is installed and running.

- SOFTWARE INSTALLATION -

Before you can operate the modem, you will need to install

BayCom v1.6 (or higher) on your computer. To install the

BayCom software, insert the program disk into your floppy

drive and type A:INSTALL. Follow the on-screen

instructions and the software will be installed and configured

for LPT1. If you wish to install the modem on a different

printer port, you will need to manually edit the SCC.INI file

after installation is complete. Refer to the BayCom manual

for instructions.

- STARTING BAYCOM -

Start the program by entering L2 at your DOS-prompt (make

sure that the BAYCOM directory is your working directory).

There should be an all-English message and a flashing

rectangle in the upper right corner of the screen. If this is

the case, just enter SCC at the prompt and the familiar

BayCom screen should appear. If a message appears whose

last line is in German, it means that the software could not

detect the modem. Exit and restart L2 again. If the modem

still isn’t detected, then you should recheck your cables and

verify that you have selected the correct parallel port,

interrupt and base address in the software.

Lets assume that all goes well and the BayCom screen

appears. Turn on your 9600 baud radio and set it to a packet

frequency. If there is traffic on the frequency you should

now be able to monitor it in the bottom window.

- ALIGNMENT -

A proper alignment will be easiest if you have an

oscilloscope. But, if an oscilloscope is not available, you

should have little difficulty doing the alignment without it.

Before you start you will need to make a few changes to your

station setup. IF your radio is a high-power synthesized

radio (anything above 2 watts is high-powered), set your

DWAIT on the channel in question to about 20 to allow for

long switching times.

Set TXDELAY to 200 and switch to a monitor port by

pressing F10. You can now send unproto packets by simple

pressing ENTER. Have another radio tuned to the transmit

frequency and keep it unsquelched. Now adjust the Level

control on the front of the modem so that the noise level of

the test packets is just below the normal channel noise. If

you have an oscilloscope or millivolt meter you can consult

your radio manual for the signal level required to produce a

3KHz shift at the radios modulator. Adjust the level as

required. This is best done with a deviation meter since the

deviation is critical for reliable operation.

After you have adjusted the transmit audio level, you need to

find a good station to connect to. If you see another stations

packets on the monitor you probably will be able to connect

to them. While still in the monitor window, enter

:c callsign

Now send an unproto test packet by pressing ENTER in an

empty line. If the station receives your packet, the station

will respond with a packet with a DM,F at the end. If you

get no response, try again, a few times if necessary. If you

get no response at all try it again with a slightly longer

TXDELAY or a better antenna location. If the DWAIT (the

time that your partner station will wait before responding if

you have just transmitted - DWAIT is the relevant BayCom

parameter for this) at your partner station is too low and you

are using a synthesized radio, this could be a problem. If all

(or an overwhelming majority) of your packets get

acknowledged, your ready for the next step. Now, using the

same method as above, try and lower your TXDELAY as far

as you can without increasing the number of unanswered

packets. Once you get the TXDELAY as low as you can

(while maintaining good performance), record this value and

enter it into your SCC.INI file.

- RF INTERFERENCE -

The BP-96A modem was designed with RF immunity in

mind. Not only is its circuitry designed to minimize the

generation of radio emissions, but it is also designed to

suppress emissions from your computer. Nevertheless, if

you operate the unit in the presence of excessively high RF

fields (HF Kilowatts), you are probably going to have

problems with both the computer (especially laptops) and the

BP-96A. RF induced problems are easily identified since

they generally cause the modem and/or computer to become

totally inoperative (lock up) after transmitting. If this

happens, you can reset either device by removing power and

then restarting the program. WARNING: Excessively high

levels of RF can permanently damage your equipment.

- QUESTIONS & ANSWERS -

Can I run the BP-96A and a BP-2 at the same time?

Yes, provided that your computer is fast enough. All that

needs to be done is to enter the appropriate interface

numbers and parameters for each modem during the

installation procedure.

There is no flashing rectangle after starting the program

with L2.

This can occur because of various reasons. First make sure

that the interrupt you are using is not being used by another

device. Did you make the computer to modem interface

cable? If so, check the cable for any crossed, shorted, or

broken wires. Have you wired the right pin numbers?

I see the flashing rectangle, but only after I start L2 a

second time.

This problem can occur on older computers that have “weak”

parallel ports. When L2 starts, it switches on the computers

parallel port (which powers the modem). If the parallel port

doesn’t turn on fast enough, then the modem isn’t able to

respond to the L2 program in time, and you get an error

message. When you start L2 a second time, the parallel port

is already switched on, so the modem responds and you get

the flashing rectangle. This is not an issue if you are using

an external power supply on the modem.

My signals are not received properly by other stations.

Such problems are frequently due to radios that are not

suitable for 9600 baud operation. This often includes

synthesized radios that have been converted. Please check

the connections between the radio and the modem carefully.

Other problems include too low of a TXDELAY, or

incorrect deviation. Also make sure that you have enough

DWAIT to allow other stations to go back to receive mode

after they transmit. Under no circumstances should you

simply scale the parameters that you have used for 1200

baud operation!

The L2 rectangle flashes, but I cannot hear a signal, just

a carrier.

Verify that the Level control is not turned down all the way.

See the ALIGNMENT section if the transmit audio level has

not been adjusted yet.

The L2 rectangle flashes, but I cannot receive.

Are you sure there is traffic on the frequency? Check all

connections to modem, radio, and PC. Make sure that you

are on a 9600 baud frequency. Note that 9600 baud

transmissions sound like bursts of noise (nothing like 1200

baud!).

- VISIT US ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB -

If you have Internet access, please visit our Page on the

World Wide Web at: http://www.tigertronics.com This

site contains the latest news about Tigertronics products, as

well as a wealth of information of interest to all Hams and

SWL’s. This site is also your best source for the latest

updates to all of our software.

- YOUR COMMENTS WELCOME -

Tigertronics has made every effort to make the BP-96A the

best possible product. We believe it represents a major

technological breakthrough in packet radio and hope we

have anticipated your every need in using it. We welcome

any comments or suggestions that you would like to make.

Please drop us a note to let us know about your experiences,

tips you would like to share with other users, or how we

might do a better job.

- LIMITED WARRANTY -

Tigertronics warrants the BayPac Modem to be free of

defects in material and workmanship for a period of 90 days

from the date of shipment. Tigertronics will repair or

replace, at its option, any parts found to be defective during

the warranty period. This warranty does not include any unit

which has been subject to misuse, neglect, improper

installation or operation. This warranty is in lieu of all

others, express or implied, and no person or representative is

authorized to assume for Tigertronics any other liability in

connection with the sale or use of this product. Tigertronics

will not be responsible for any expense or loss of revenue or

property incurred by the user due to operation or malfunction

of this equipment. Tigertronics reserves the right to make

circuit or component changes, or to incorporate new features,

at any time, without obligation.

- RETURN POLICY -

A Return Material Authorization Number (RMA#) must be

obtained from the factory before any product will be

accepted for return or repair. Items received at the factory

without an RMA# clearly marked on the OUTSIDE of the

package WILL BE REFUSED. Items being returned must

be sent prepaid. Returned items should have a note attached

showing the RMA#, customer name, return address, phone

number, and action requested. Units being returned for

warranty repair must be accompanied by a copy of the

original sales invoice showing the date of purchase.

Customers wishing to return a product for REFUND, for

ANY REASON, must receive an RMA# within 15 days from

the shipping date shown on the original sales invoice.

Customers returning products for refund will be charged a

Restocking Fee equal to 20% of the purchase price, to cover

the cost of re-testing and re-stocking. Products which have

been damaged or modified in any way, may not be returned.

Contact our Technical Support department for the RMA#.

- TECHNICAL SUPPORT -

If you encounter problems that you cannot resolve with the

BayPac (not software), you can reach our Technical Support

Center at (541) 862-2639 any Monday, Wednesday, or

Friday between 1:00 PM and 5:00 PM (PST). Be sure to

have your equipment available for testing when you call.

Also, have a printout of your AUTOEXEC.BAT and

CONFIG.SYS files available for review. Please DO NOT

mail, email, or fax your technical inquiries to us. We realize

that calling is a little more expensive, but more can be

accomplished in a few minutes on the phone than can be

done in hours of writing! We simply are not able to respond

to written inquiries involving technical problems.

- SPECIFICATIONS -

Compatibility: G3RUH 9600 baud DFM

PAR9600 / PICPAR / BP-96

Computer Interface: Centronics Parallel Port

Power: Computer Parallel Port (5ma) or external power

source of +8 to 14 volts @ 10ma

Signals: PTT (active low) 75ma @ 12v (MAX).

Rx Input 300mv p-p (nom)

Tx Output 0 - 3v p-p

Connectors: Parallel Port - DB-25M

Radio Port - DB-9F

Power - 5.5 x 2.1 mm (Center +)

Size: 7/8” H x 2-1/4” W x 3” D

Case: Molded ABS - Gray/White

Construction: Surface Mount Technology (SMT)

Accessories: DB-9M radio cable

5.5 x 2.1 mm power plug

(Rev. 10/10/05)

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