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User’s Guide

MCT8316A Tuning Guide

ABSTRACT

This Tuning guide provided step by step guidence to setup MCx8316AEVM, connect MCT8316A GUI to the

EVM and tune a 3-phase Brushless DC motor using MCT8316A.

Table of Contents

1 Revision History......................................................................................................................................................................1

2 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................................................2

2.1 Hardware and GUI setup................................................................................................................................................... 2

3 Essential Controls.................................................................................................................................................................. 5

3.1 Recommended Default Values based on application.........................................................................................................5

3.2 Device and Pin Configuration.............................................................................................................................................8

3.3 Algorithm configuration – Motor parameters...................................................................................................................... 8

3.4 Fault Configuration.............................................................................................................................................................9

3.5 Testing for successful startup into closed loop...................................................................................................................9

3.6 Fault handling...................................................................................................................................................................10

4 Basic Controls.......................................................................................................................................................................12

4.1 Device and pin configuration............................................................................................................................................12

4.2 System level configuration............................................................................................................................................... 13

4.3 Control configurations...................................................................................................................................................... 14

List of Figures

Figure 2-1. Simplified Schematic of MCT8316A..........................................................................................................................2

Figure 2-2. MCx8316A EVM Jumper Configuration.................................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2-3. MCx8316A EVM External Configuration................................................................................................................... 4

Figure 3-1. Fault Status............................................................................................................................................................. 10

Figure 4-1. Reverse Drive Function...........................................................................................................................................14

Figure 4-2. Phase current, FG and motor speed - Faster startup time......................................................................................18

Figure 4-3. Phase current and motor speed - Faster deceleration disabled..............................................................................20

Figure 4-4. Phase current and motor speed -Faster deceleration enabled............................................................................... 20

List of Tables

Table 3-1. Ultra-Slow Acceleration Default Values.......................................................................................................................5

Table 3-2. Slow Acceleration Defalt Values................................................................................................................................. 5

Table 3-3. Medium Acceleration Default Values.......................................................................................................................... 6

Table 3-4. Faster Acceleration Default Values.............................................................................................................................6

Table 3-5. Ultra Fast Acceleration Default Values........................................................................................................................7

Table 3-6. Default Values.............................................................................................................................................................7

1 Revision History

NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.

DATE REVISION NOTES

August 2021 * Initial Release

Trademarks

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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MCT8316A Tuning Guide 1

2 Introduction

The MCT8316A provides three half-H-bridge integrated MOSFET drivers with sensorless trapezoidal control to

drive a three-phase brushless DC (BLDC) motor at 12-V/24-V DC rails or battery powered applications. The

device integrates three current-sense amplifiers (CSA) with integrated current sense for sensing the three phase

currents of BLDC motors to achieve optimum trapezoidal control. Simplified schematic of MCT8316A is shown in

Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1. Simplified Schematic of MCT8316A

This tuning guide provides the steps to tune a 3-phase BLDC motor using the MCT8316A. The tuning process

is classified into two sections: Essential controls and Basic controls. This process is also detailed in the Guided

tuning section in the GUI.

•Essential controls: Tuning steps to successfully spin the motor in closed loop

•Basic controls: Tuning steps to conform to use-case and explore features in the device

2.1 Hardware and GUI setup

Below are the items that are required to run through this tuning guide.

1. MCx8316AEVM Board.

2. A computer with the MCT8316_GUI installed.

3. A motor to be tuned using this process. It will be good to have motor datasheet but it is not mandatory.

4. A DC Power Supply rated for the motor.

5. Basic lab equipment such as a Digital Multimeter (DMM), Oscilloscope, current probe and voltage probes.

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2.1.1 Jumper Configuration

Ensure the hardware is configured according to the jumper configuration as shown in Figure 2-2. Red boxes

indicate where jumpers should be installed on the EVM.

Figure 2-2. MCx8316A EVM Jumper Configuration

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MCT8316A Tuning Guide 3

2.1.2 External Connections

Connect the motor to J8 (connections A, B, and C). If the motor has a center tap connection or wires for

Hall-effect sensors, leave these wires unconnected. Supply a voltage compliant with the Power Supply Voltage

(VM) range using J7. Recommended voltage range for the device is 4.5 V – 35 V.

Figure 2-3. MCx8316A EVM External Configuration

2.1.3 Connecting to the GUI

2.1.3.1 Connect to computer

Ensure the EVM is powered on (VM) before connecting USB cable. Plug in the micro-USB, from the computer

that holds the GUI, to the USB Connector (J2) on the EVM.

2.1.3.2 Connect to the GUI

The GUI should automatically connect to the EVM, as shown on the status bar located on the bottom of this GUI.

If the GUI doesn't connect automatically, please ensure that the "FTDI" serial port is selected by going to the top

menu "Options -> Serial Port ...". Then click on the chain link icon on the left of the status bar to connect to the

EVM.

2.1.3.3 Verify Hardware Connection

After the GUI establishes connection with the EVM through USB, you can verify the communication with the

MCx8316 device by clicking on the "Read All Registers" button on the top right of this GUI. After a few seconds,

the GUI should indicate with a pop-up notification that all registers have been read back successfully.

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3 Essential Controls

The goal of this section is to help customers spin their motor successfully in closed loop. This section provides

standardized steps to tune parameters for successful Motor spin-up in closed loop.

3.1 Recommended Default Values based on application

Launch the MCx8316A EVM GUI. GUI will load the recommended default values based on the application.

If your application requires ultra-slow acceleration such is pedestal fans, load the default values listed in Table

3-1.

Table 3-1. Ultra-Slow Acceleration Default Values

Address Name Address Recommended Value

ISD_CONFIG 0x00000080 0x4F4193C0

MOTOR_STARTUP1 0x00000082 0x2FA89190

MOTOR_STARTUP2 0x00000084 0x1A109F9C

CLOSED_LOOP1 0x00000086 0x09A61200

CLOSED_LOOP2 0x00000088 0x02202C8A

CLOSED_LOOP3 0x0000008A 0x13880423

CLOSED_LOOP4 0x0000008C 0x02801400

FAULT_CONFIG1 0x00000092 0x30525025

FAULT_CONFIG2 0x00000094 0x73858000

TRAP_CONFIG1 0x0000009A 0x294AA106

TRAP_CONFIG2 0x0000009C 0x428FFEA4

150_DEG_TWO_PH_PROFILE 0x00000096 0x591A44A6

150_DEG_THREE_PH_PROFILE 0x00000098 0x392ED000

PIN_CONFIG1 0x000000A4 0x00000000

PIN_CONFIG2 0x000000A6 0x00000000

DEVICE_CONFIG 0x000000A8 0x00000000

PERIPH_CONFIG 0x000000AA 0x00000000

GD_CONFIG1 0x000000AC 0x1C400000

GD_CONFIG2 0x000000AE 0x00000000

If your application requires slow acceleration such is blowers, load the default values listed in Table 3-2.

Table 3-2. Slow Acceleration Defalt Values

Address Name Address Recommended Value

ISD_CONFIG 0x00000080 0x4F40EF80

MOTOR_STARTUP1 0x00000082 0x2F689192

MOTOR_STARTUP2 0x00000084 0x1A1CFF9C

CLOSED_LOOP1 0x00000086 0x0BAE1200

CLOSED_LOOP2 0x00000088 0x02202C8A

CLOSED_LOOP3 0x0000008A 0x13880423

CLOSED_LOOP4 0x0000008C 0x02801400

FAULT_CONFIG1 0x00000092 0x30525025

FAULT_CONFIG2 0x00000094 0x73858000

TRAP_CONFIG1 0x0000009A 0x010A2106

TRAP_CONFIG2 0x0000009C 0x3A85564C

150_DEG_TWO_PH_PROFILE 0x00000096 0x591A44A6

150_DEG_THREE_PH_PROFILE 0x00000098 0x392ED000

PIN_CONFIG1 0x000000A4 0x00000000

PIN_CONFIG2 0x000000A6 0x00000000

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Table 3-2. Slow Acceleration Defalt Values (continued)

Address Name Address Recommended Value

DEVICE_CONFIG 0x000000A8 0x00000000

PERIPH_CONFIG 0x000000AA 0x00000000

GD_CONFIG1 0x000000AC 0x1C400000

GD_CONFIG2 0x000000AE 0x00000000

If your application requires medium acceleration such is automotive fans, load the default values listed in Table

3-3.

Table 3-3. Medium Acceleration Default Values

Address Name Address Recommended Value

ISD_CONFIG 0x00000080 0x4F404500

MOTOR_STARTUP1 0x00000082 0x36C89196

MOTOR_STARTUP2 0x00000084 0x1A253F9C

CLOSED_LOOP1 0x00000086 0x11C61200

CLOSED_LOOP2 0x00000088 0x02202C8A

CLOSED_LOOP3 0x0000008A 0x13880423

CLOSED_LOOP4 0x0000008C 0x02801400

FAULT_CONFIG1 0x00000092 0x30525025

FAULT_CONFIG2 0x00000094 0x73858000

TRAP_CONFIG1 0x0000009A 0x010A2106

TRAP_CONFIG2 0x0000009C 0x3A85564C

150_DEG_TWO_PH_PROFILE 0x00000096 0x591A44A6

150_DEG_THREE_PH_PROFILE 0x00000098 0x392ED000

PIN_CONFIG1 0x000000A4 0x00000000

PIN_CONFIG2 0x000000A6 0x00000000

DEVICE_CONFIG 0x000000A8 0x00000000

PERIPH_CONFIG 0x000000AA 0x00000000

GD_CONFIG1 0x000000AC 0x1C400000

GD_CONFIG2 0x000000AE 0x00000000

If your application requires faster acceleration such is vacuum robots, load the default values listed in Table 3-4.

Table 3-4. Faster Acceleration Default Values

Address Name Address Recommended Value

ISD_CONFIG 0x00000080 0x4F404480

MOTOR_STARTUP1 0x00000082 0x34889197

MOTOR_STARTUP2 0x00000084 0x1A39DF9C

CLOSED_LOOP1 0x00000086 0x14D21200

CLOSED_LOOP2 0x00000088 0x02202C8A

CLOSED_LOOP3 0x0000008A 0x13880423

CLOSED_LOOP4 0x0000008C 0x02801400

FAULT_CONFIG1 0x00000092 0x30525025

FAULT_CONFIG2 0x00000094 0x73858000

TRAP_CONFIG1 0x0000009A 0x010A2106

TRAP_CONFIG2 0x0000009C 0x3A85564C

150_DEG_TWO_PH_PROFILE 0x00000096 0x591A44A6

150_DEG_THREE_PH_PROFILE 0x00000098 0x392ED000

PIN_CONFIG1 0x000000A4 0x00000000

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Table 3-4. Faster Acceleration Default Values (continued)

Address Name Address Recommended Value

PIN_CONFIG2 0x000000A6 0x00000000

DEVICE_CONFIG 0x000000A8 0x00000000

PERIPH_CONFIG 0x000000AA 0x00000000

GD_CONFIG1 0x000000AC 0x1C400000

GD_CONFIG2 0x000000AE 0x00000000

If your application requires ultra fast acceleration such is fuel pumps, load the default values listed in Table 3-5.

Table 3-5. Ultra Fast Acceleration Default Values

Address Name Address Recommended Value

ISD_CONFIG 0x00000080 0x4F400040

MOTOR_STARTUP1 0x00000082 0x38489198

MOTOR_STARTUP2 0x00000084 0x1A461F9C

CLOSED_LOOP1 0x00000086 0x19D21201

CLOSED_LOOP2 0x00000088 0x02202C8D

CLOSED_LOOP3 0x0000008A 0x13880423

CLOSED_LOOP4 0x0000008C 0x02801400

FAULT_CONFIG1 0x00000092 0x30525025

FAULT_CONFIG2 0x00000094 0x73858000

TRAP_CONFIG1 0x0000009A 0x010A2106

TRAP_CONFIG2 0x0000009C 0x3A85564C

150_DEG_TWO_PH_PROFILE 0x00000096 0x591A44A6

150_DEG_THREE_PH_PROFILE 0x00000098 0x392ED000

PIN_CONFIG1 0x000000A4 0x00000000

PIN_CONFIG2 0x000000A6 0x00000000

DEVICE_CONFIG 0x000000A8 0x00000000

PERIPH_CONFIG 0x000000AA 0x00000000

GD_CONFIG1 0x000000AC 0x1C400000

GD_CONFIG2 0x000000AE 0x00000000

If you are not sure of your application, load the default values listed in Table 3-6

Table 3-6. Default Values

Address Name Address Recommended Value

ISD_CONFIG 0x00000080 0x4F400140

MOTOR_STARTUP1 0x00000082 0x35489195

MOTOR_STARTUP2 0x00000084 0x1A295F9C

CLOSED_LOOP1 0x00000086 0x0FBE1200

CLOSED_LOOP2 0x00000088 0x02202C8A

CLOSED_LOOP3 0x0000008A 0x13880423

CLOSED_LOOP4 0x0000008C 0x02801400

FAULT_CONFIG1 0x00000092 0x30525025

FAULT_CONFIG2 0x00000094 0x73858000

TRAP_CONFIG1 0x0000009A 0x010A2106

TRAP_CONFIG2 0x0000009C 0x3A85564C

150_DEG_TWO_PH_PROFILE 0x00000096 0x591A44A6

150_DEG_THREE_PH_PROFILE 0x00000098 0x392ED000

PIN_CONFIG1 0x000000A4 0x00000000

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Table 3-6. Default Values (continued)

Address Name Address Recommended Value

PIN_CONFIG2 0x000000A6 0x00000000

DEVICE_CONFIG 0x000000A8 0x00000000

PERIPH_CONFIG 0x000000AA 0x00000000

GD_CONFIG1 0x000000AC 0x1C400000

GD_CONFIG2 0x000000AE 0x00000000

3.2 Device and Pin Configuration

3.2.1 Speed input mode

Speed command can either be set using an external signal on the SPEED input pin or using an internal register

setting controlled through I2C communication.

Toggle the Speed Pin Configuration [SPEED_PIN_CONFIG] below to "Speed pin used to set SPEED" to use an

external signal to control speed command.

Toggle the Speed Pin Configuration [SPEED_PIN_CONFIG] below to "Speed pin is used to wake up device

from sleep, it doesn't affect speed command" to prevent the external speed pin input signal from affecting speed

command.

You can set the speed command by adjusting either the PWM input or the analog input. Select the speed input

mode based on how the speed will be commanded to the device.

To command the speed via I2C, go to the Quick Tuning page within the GUI and toggle the “Enable Speed

Control via I2C” in the I2C Control Section.

3.2.2 Speed input PWM frequency range selection

If the Speed input mode in section 2.2.1 is selected as PWM Mode speed input, select the range of PWM input

frequency.

3.3 Algorithm configuration – Motor parameters

3.3.1 Maximum motor electrical speed (Hz)

Using the motor’s datasheet, the user can input the maximum motor electrical speed in Hz. If this data is not

available, the user can input the number of pole pairs and motor mechanical speed in RPM. The GUI will convert

the motor mechanical speed in RPM to motor electrical speed in Hz using Equation 1.

fElectrical =nPolePairs ∙ ωMecℎanical

60  (1)

Where:

• ωMechanical is the mechanical speed in units revolutions per minute (RPM)

• fElectrical is the electrical speed in units of hertz (Hz)

• nPolePairs is the number of motor pole pairs

Configure the abnormal speed threshold [LOCK_ABN_SPEED] to 150% of maximum speed [MAX_SPEED].

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Note

Determining number of motor poles without a motor datasheet:

1. Use a lab power supply and make sure the current limit is set to less than the motor rated current.

Do not turn on the supply

2. Connect V+ of the supply to phase A and V- of the supply to phase B of the motor. Any 2 of the 3

phases can be chosen at random if they are not labeled

3. Turn on supply The rotor should have settled at one position with the injecting current.

4. Manually rotate the rotor until rotor snaps to another settle position. It will have several settle-

down positions around one mechanical cycle

5. Count the number of settle-down positions for one fully mechanical cycle, which is the number of

pole pairs. Multiplying by two calculates the number of poles.

Be careful of gearing systems within a motor. The gearing ratio will determine how many rotor

revolutions correlate to the shaft’s mechanical revolution.

3.4 Fault Configuration

3.4.1 Cycle by cycle current limit (ILIMIT)

Cycle by cycle current limit provides a means of controlling the amount of current delivered to the motor. This

is useful when the system must limit the amount of current pulled from the power supply during motor start-up.

The cycle by cycle current-limit limits the current applied to the motor from exceeding the configured threshold.

Configure Cycle by cycle current limit [ILIMIT] to the rated peak phase current of the motor. Check the motor

datasheet for the rated peak phase current in Amps. Use Equation 2 to choose the correct ILIMIT in volts.

ILIMITV=Cyclebycyclecurrentlimit A ×CSA_GAIN v

A(2)

If the motor is unable to reach the maximum speed, increase ILIMIT in steps until the motor reaches maximum

speed.

3.5 Testing for successful startup into closed loop

1. Apply a nonzero speed command

a. If the Speed input mode is I2C, change the “I2C Speed Command Percentage” to a non-zero value.

Once the speed command is issued, the device will start commutating and the motor should start

spinning that is proportional to the I2C Speed Command Percentage.

b. If the speed input mode is Analog, rotate the Speed Control potentiometer (R4) clockwise to control

the motor speed. Once the speed command is issued, the device will start commutating and the motor

should start spinning that is proportional to the voltage on the Speed Pin.

c. If the speed input mode is PWM, apply PWM signal to the speed pin with a given duty cycle with a low of

0 V to a high of 2.2 V (min). Once the speed command is issued, the device will start commutating and

the motor should start spinning that is proportional to the duty cycle.

2. Check if motor spins in closed loop at commanded speed.

In closed loop, the motor should spin at the commanded speed and there should not be any faults triggered.

a. Enable the “Auto read fault status” toggle button towards the top right corner of the GUI. Then monitor

the Fault Status in the side panel to the right.

If no fault gets triggered, skip Section 3.6 and proceed to Section 4.

3. Prepare device for fault handling if any fault gets triggered.

If the motor failed to spin successfully in closed loop, check the fault status.

a. Set zero speed command by turning off the PWM, turning the potentiometer completely

counterclockwise, or setting the I2C command percentage to 0%.

b. Clear the fault status registers by clicking on the “Clear” button in the Fault Status side panel to the right

as shown in Figure 3-1

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MCT8316A Tuning Guide 9

Check Section 3.6 for steps to debug faults.

This completes the essential controls section. At the end of this section, user should be able to spin the motor in

closed loop. Save the register settings by clicking File->Save Registers in the GUI. If there were no faults, skip to

Section 4.

Figure 3-1. Fault Status

3.6 Fault handling

Below are the faults that can possibly get triggered based on the default register configuration specified in

Section 3.1.

3.6.1 Abnormal Speed [ABN_SPEED]

MCT8316A monitors the speed continuously by calculating difference in time between subsequent back-

EMF zero crossings. This fault gets triggered when motor speed exceeds abnormal speed threshold

[LOCK_ABN_SPEED]. When the motor gets stuck in the first electrical cycle, device continues to commutate at

frequencies above the configured abnormal speed threshold [LOCK_ABN_SPEED].

When this fault gets triggered, follow below recommendations.

1. Increase align time [ALIGN_TIME].

2. Decrease slow first cycle frequency [SLOW_FIRST_CYC_FREQ]

3. Decrease open loop acceleration A1 [OL_ACC_A1] and open loop acceleration A2 [OL_ACC_A2].

4. Decrease closed loop acceleration [CL_ACC]

3.6.2 Loss of Sync [LOSS_OF_SYNC]

This fault gets triggered when the motor loses synchronization due to improper selection of motor startup and

open loop acceleration profiles.

When motor loses synchronization, we might notice the motor either vibrate or stall.

When the motor vibrates, follow the below recommendations.

1. Increase align time [ALIGN_TIME].

2. Increase open loop acceleration A1 [OL_ACC_A1] and open loop acceleration A2 [OL_ACC_A2].

When the motor stalls, follow the below recommendation.

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