Teledyne 311 Manual de usuario

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WARNING

The sensor(s) used in this instrument uses electrolytes which contain substances that are

extremely harmful if touched, swallowed, or inhaled. Avoid contact with ANY fluid or powder

in or around the unit. What may appear to be plain water could contain one of these toxic

substances.

SKIN CONTACT: Flush contact area with cold water for several minutes.

Seek medical attention.

EYE CONTACT: Flush with cold water for at least 15 minutes. Seek

immediate medical attention.

IF SWALLOWED: Drink milk or milk of magnesia. Seek immediate medical

attention.

IF INHALED: Move immediately to an area of fresh air, or assist victim

to fresh air. If victim is having difficulty breathing, use

artificial respiration or administer oxygen. Seek immediate

medical attention.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MODEL 311

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Description 1

1.2 Method of Analysis 1

1.3 Outstanding Features 1

1.3.1 Micro-Fuel Cell 1

1.3.2 Reliable Calibration 2

1.3.3 Integral Power Supply 2

1.3.4 Accuracy and Response 3

1.3.5 Compact Packaging 3

2. SUPPORTING EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES 4

2.1 Sampling Equipment 4

2.2 Power Service 4

3.OPERATION 5

3.1 Introduction 5

3.2 Calibration 5

3.2.1 Air Calibration Procedure 5

3.2.2 Standard (Span) Calibration Procedure 7

3.3 Positive Pressure Sampling 7

3.4 Atmospheric Pressure Sampling 8

4. MAINTENANCE 9

4.1 Battery Power Supply Services 9

4.2 Routine Maintenance 9

4.3 Cell Replacement 9

4.4 Cell Warranty 10

5. TRANSDUCTION AND TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION 11

6.LEAKTESTING 11

7. SPECIFICATION DATA 13

SPARE PARTS LIST 14

DRAWINGLIST 15

APPENDIX - Effect of CO2 on B-2C Cell Life 16

MODEL 311

TRACE OXYGEN ANALYZER

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Description:The Teledyne Analytical Instruments (TAI) Model 311 is a

portable, intrinsically safe trace oxygen analyzer which can be operated without an external

power source and reliably calibrated without the use of cumbersome, questionable, so-called

“certified” calibration gases.

The instrument provides for trace oxygen analysis in decade steps ranging from 0-10 to 0-10,000

ppm (full scale) plus a special calibration range that encompasses the known oxygen

concentration of atmospheric air (209,000 ppm).

Sample oxygen is read from an extremely accurate integral meter (0.5% linearity) whose range of

measurement is determined by the position of the range selector switch. The 100 division meter

scale and the multiplying factor indicated by the position of the range switch determine the full

scale oxygen sensitivity of the instrument. The linear 5 inch scale (mirror equipped to eliminate

parallax) provides excellent resolution and accuracy.

Sample gas is introduced and vented via a pair of quick disconnect fittings that feature integral

shutoff valves which automatically close when the mating male fitting is withdrawn. The fittings

are an integral part of the measuring cell manifold so that internal sample passage volume is at an

absolute minimum. Sample flow control, although not critical (0.1 to 10 liters/min.) must be

accomplished with accessory equipment.

1.2 Method of Analysis.The sample oxygen is measured by a unique

electrochemical transducer which functions as a fuel cell; in this instance, the fuel is oxygen.

Oxygen diffusing into the cell reacts chemically to produce an electrical current that is

proportional to the oxygen concentration in the gas phase immediately adjacent to the

transducer’s sensing surface. The linear, but minute, signal produced by the transducer from

trace oxygen is amplified by a two stage amplifier. The dual stages of amplification provide

enough gain to drive the 0-100 microampere meter and thermistor controlled network utilized to

compensate for the positive temperature co-efficient of the transducer.

1.3 Outstanding Features.The following unique features are incorporated into

the Model 311:

1.3.1 Micro-Fuel Cell:The Micro-Fuel Cell* is a sealed electrochemical trans-

ducer with no electrolyte to change or electrodes to clean. When the cell reaches the end of its

useful life, it is merely thrown away and replaced, as one would replace a worn out battery in a

-1-

flashlight. The life of the cell is warranted by TAI (see Section 4.4) in a fashion similar to that

employed by the manufacturers of automobile batteries. This procedure guarantees the customer

compensation for failure of a given cell to perform as specified.

1.3.2 Reliable Calibration.The unique qualities of the Micro-Fuel Cell allows

the user to calibrate the instrument with the most economical, reliable, abundant, standardization

gas there is -- atmospheric air.

The special “CAL” range of the instrument features a mark that coincides with the 209,000 ppm

oxygen concentration of air. By drawing air through the instrument (see the Sample Calibration

Procedure in Section 3.2) reliable calibration can be achieved.

After the electronics have been properly zeroed (a one-time factory operation), the instrument

cannot produce an output indication in the absence of oxygen; therefore, the need for a “zero”

standardization gas is obviated (Refer to Section 5 if readjustment is required).

1.3.3 Integral Power Supply.The differential power requirement (plus a

minus 3.6 volts D.C.) of the instrument amplifier is furnished by two internally mounted 750

milliampere hour nickel cadmium batteries. Fully charged, these batteries will provide enough

power to operate the instrument continuously for a period of about thirty-five (35) days.

Furthermore, an overnight charge on a one-month duty cycle should keep the original batteries

supplied usable for many years.

An integral charging circuit and a detectable power cord are provided so that the batteries may be

recharged from any 50 or 60 cycle, 105 to 125 volt, convenience outlet.

The instrument is designed to either sample or have its batteries recharged. Both operations

cannot be carried out simultaneously. TAI has deliberately interlocked the circuitry so that both

operations cannot be carried on at the same time.

Only when the selector switch is placed in the OFF position will the neon lamp on the back plate

of the Model 311 light up to indicate power to the battery charging circuit.

* U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,767,552 and 3,668,101

-2-

A current limiting resistor (R1 and R2) is potted into the end of each battery. This assures that

under no circumstances can more than 25 milliamperes (100 milliwatts) be switched or drawn

from either battery supply. This means that the Model 311-C may be used in explosive

atmospheres where arcs of 100 milliwatts or less can be tolerated. The Model 311 meets Factory

Mutual approval requirements as intrinsically safe for Class I, Division I, Groups A, B, C and D

hazardous locations.

This safety feature does not apply when the instrument is being charged (AC power cord

connected and selector switch in the “OFF” position). The instrument should not be used in

explosive atmospheres when the batteries are being charged.

To determine the state of the rechargeable batteries turn the range selector knob

counterclockwise to the battery test position and hold there (spring loaded switch). Observe that

the meter indicator stays within the battery limits, *if not, recharge of the batteries is in order).

Release Range Selector Switch, it will automatically return to the OFF position.

1.3.4 Accuracy and Response. The Model 311 provides monitoring accuracy

of ±2% of full scale or ±1 ppm, whichever is greater, at constant temperature. A ±5% of reading

accuracy is achievable throughout the operating temperature range of 30 to 125 Deg. F.

With a sample flowrate of 150 cc/min. 90% response is achieved in 10 seconds in the X10,

X100, X1000, and CAL range switch positions. When in the X1 (0-10 ppm) range, 90%

response is realized in 61 seconds.

1.3.5 Compact Packaging.The instrument is housed in a 6-1/8” X 9-1/2” X 5-

5/8” aluminum case that is equipped with a carrying handle and foot pads. When in use, the

analyzer should be placed in an upright position on a level surface (off level positioning will

detract from meter accuracy).

Access to the instrument interior is gained by loosening (ccw) the three (3) 1/4 turn screw driver

type fasteners on the back of the outer case. The case may then be detached from the driver type

fasteners on the back of the outer case. The case may then be detached from the control of the

outer case. The case may then be detached from the control panel assembly. Further

disassembly may be accomplished by removing the back plate assembly from its four (4)

mounting standoffs and laying the two separated assemblies out as illustrated on the “Analyzer

Wiring Diagram”. The diagram is included among the drawings at the rear of the manual.

-3-

2. SUPPORTING EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES

2.1 Sampling Equipment.The customer must provide a means of controlling the

pressure and flowrate of the sample gas. For positive pressure applications, TAI suggests a

simple throttle valve installed in the sample line between the sample point and the analyzer. The

flowrate should be limited to between 0.1 and 10 liters/min.

IMPORTANT: If a pressure regulator is necessary or desirable, it must have a metallic

diaphragm. Regulators with organic or plastic diaphragms are permeable to oxygen and, if used

in the sampling system, will lead to high oxygen readings.

For atmospheric pressure sampling, connect a pump and flow control valve downstream from the

analyzer and draw (rather than push) the sample through the instrument.

TAI supplies three (3) male disconnect fittings with the instrument. One for installation of the

customer’s sample line; one to be used to open the vent fitting of the instrument, and one

(equipped with a plastic tube) for drawing air through the unit for calibration purposes.

2.2 Power Service. A source of single phase, 105 to 125 volt, 50 or 60 Hertz power,

capable of delivering a maximum of 1/4 ampere of current will be periodically required to

recharge the instrument’s battery power supply. An eight (8) foot, UL approved, 3-wire detach-

able power cord is provided with the instrument and should be stored in a safe place when not in

use. As a no cost option the 311 can be furnished with 220 volt, 50 or 60 Hertz charging power.

-4-

3. OPERATION

3.1 Introduction.The Model 311 is supplied completely assembled and ready for

instant use. The Micro-Fuel Cell is in place within the manifold, and prior to shipment the mani-

fold was purged with an inert gas to eliminate all but traces of oxygen from the internal sampling

system. The integral shut-off valves in the quick disconnect sample fittings, if not disturbed, will

maintain this inert atmosphere within the manifold indefinitely. This can be demonstrated by

advancing the range selector switch to the X100 (0-1,000 ppm) position.

When the range selector is advanced from the “OFF” position, power to the instrument’s

circuitry is established. The meter will constantly respond to the residual oxygen within the

integral sample passages.

It is impossible to achieve a “perfect” seal of the internal sample system, and what the meter is

indicating is the diffusion -- consumption balance point of internal sample system and the Micro-

Fuel Cell.

This “balance” point, with a properly calibrated instrument is always within the limits of the

X100 range. If the reading climbs off the limits of this scale, a leak in the manifold assembly is

indicated.

TO EXTEND CELL LIFE AND MINIMIZE THE TIME REQUIRED TO MAKE THE

NEXT ANALYSIS, THE INSTRUMENT SHOULD ALWAYS BE PURGED WITH THE

SAMPLE OR AN INERT GAS PRIOR TO BEING TAKEN OUT OF SERVICE FOR

STANDBY OR STORAGE.

3.2 Calibration.The inherently constant output of the cell during its useful life

precludes a definitive calibration cycle. TAI feels that the interval between calibrations should

be dictated by the customer’s application. If the instrument is being used to certify the oxygen

content of a product for delivery, then, a calibration prior to certification would certainly be in

order. If, on the other hand, the instrument is being used to monitor or guard a sample and the

evidence provided by the analyzer will in themselves determine when a calibration check is in

order. The sensitivity of the analyzer should be checked at two to four week intervals.

DO NOT CALIBRATE THE INSTRUMENT UNLESS THERE IS A TRACE OXYGEN

GAS READILY AVAILABLE FOR PURGING IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE

CALIBRATION PROCEDURE.

3.2.1 Air Calibration Procedure. Employ the following step by step

procedure to calibrate the instrument.

-5-

1) Stand the instrument upright on a level surface, and with the range switch in the

“OFF” position, check the alignment of the meter pointer with the zero mark on

the scale. Use the mirror to eliminate parallax, and adjust the screw on the face

of the meter, if necessary, until the pointer and zero mark are in precise coinci-

dence.

2) Advance the range switch to the “CAL” position.

3) Install the plastic tube equipped male disconnect fitting in either of the analyzer’s

sample ports, and a blank disconnect fitting in the other port (direction of sample

flow is of no importance). A pump is recommended on the plastic tube. Pump

the tube until the meter reading is stable.

CAUTION: DO NOT SUCK ON THE TUBE WITH YOUR MOUTH, THERE IS A

POSSIBILITY THE MICRO-FUEL CELL MAY LEAK. THE CELL CONTAINS KOH

SOLUTION WHICH IS CAUSTIC AND EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS!

4) Unlock and adjust the span control until the meter pointer is in coincidence with

the “CAL” mark on the meter scale. BE SURE TO RELOCK THE

CONTROL AFTER THE ADJUSTMENT IS MADE.

5) Immediately after Step 4 has been accomplished, disconnect the tubing equipped

calibration fitting, and plug in either the sample or a source of inert gas.

If the instrument is to be used for sampling after the calibration procedure has been completed,

follow the decreasing oxygen reading by positioning the range switch so that the meter gives the

best possible resolution of the oxygen. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO ACTUALLY TAKE A

READING UNTIL THE METER INDICATION STABILIZES. If the sample oxygen

content lies within the limits of the X1 range (0-10 ppm), an overnight purge is recommended for

the instrument to recover sufficiently from the effects of the 209,000 ppm oxygen concentration

of air (over four decades of range differential). Recovery time is proportionally less the coarser

ranges.

If, on the other hand, the instrument is not to be used immediately after calibration, and a low

ppm oxygen gas is being employed as a purge, allow the manifold to be purged overnight, and

then disconnect both male fittings. ALWAYS DISCONNECT THE SOURCE FITTING

FIRST, AND IMMEDIATELY THEREAFTER, THE VENT FITTING.

-6-

3.2.2 Standard (Span) Gas Calibration (optional)

Gas required:

- Zero gas

- (70-90%) of full scale of the primary (working) range

NOTE: If the primary (working) range is a lower range, when

you change to a higher range recalibration is a must for

accuracy (see Figure 2 Chart, included).

1. Stand the instrument upright on a level surface, and with the range switch in the

“OFF” position, check the alignment of the meter pointer with the zero mark on

the scale, use the mirror to eliminate parallax and adjust screw on the face of the

meter, if necessary, until the pointer and zero mark is in precise coincidence.

2. Install a sensor.

3. Install quick disconnect, FIRST TO THE VENT then the sample inlet.

4. Purge the analyzer with a zero gas for 12-16 hours at 2 SCFH.

5. Advance the range to CAL.

6. Connect span gas.

7. Advance the range when oxygen level is decreasing, wait until the reading

stabilizes.

8. Unlock and adjust span control until the meter reads the oxygen content.

9. Advance the range to CAL.

10. Disconnect the span gas.

11. Connect the sample gas.

12. Advance the range when the oxygen level is decreasing, so that the meter gives

the best possible resolution of the oxygen. DO NOT attempt to take a reading until the meter

indicator stabilizes.

3.3 Positive Pressure Sampling.When connecting the instrument to a positive

pressure sample source, ALWAYS proceed as follows:

-7-

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