Tektronix 2445 Manual de usuario

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2445

OSCILLOSCOPE

OPERATORS

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

2445

OSCILLOSCOPE

OPERATORS

Tektronix

COMMITTED TO EXCELLENCE

PLEASE CHECK FOR CHAN E INFORMATION

AT THE REAR OF THIS MANUAL.

2445

OSCILLOSCOPE

OPERATORS

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Tektronix, Inc.

P.O. Box 500

Beaverton, Oregon 97077 Serial N um b er

_____________________

070-3830-00

Produ t Group 38 First Printing OCT 1982

Revised JAN 1985

Tektronix, Inc.

P.O. Box 500

Beaverton, Oregon 97077

070-3830-00

Product Group 38

COMMITTEDTO EXCELLENCE

PLEASE CHECK

F0R

CHANGE INFORMATION

AT

THE REAR OF THIS MANUAL.

2445

OSCILLOSCOPE

OPIERATORS

INSTRUCTlON

MANUAL

Serial

Number

______

_

First Printing OCT 1982

Revised JAN

1985

Copyright © 1982 Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved.

Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any

form without the written permission of Tektronix, Inc.

Products of Tektronix, Inc. and its subsidiaries are covered

by U.S. and foreign patents and/or pending patents.

TEKTRONIX, TEK, SCOPE-MOBILE, and are

registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. TELEQUIPMENT

is a registered trademark of Tektronix U.K. Limited.

Printed in U.S.A. Specification and price change privileges

are reserved.

INSTRUMENT SERIAL NUMBERS

Each instrument has a serial number on a panel insert, tag,

or stamped on the chassis. The first number or letter

designates the country of manufacture. The last five digits

of the serial number are assigned sequentially and are

unique to each instrument. Those manufactured in the

United States have six unique digits. The country of

manufacture is identified as follows:

B000000 Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon, USA

100000 Tektronix uernsey, Ltd., Channel Islands

200000 Tektronix United Kingdom, Ltd., London

300000 Sony/Tektronix, Japan

700000 Tektronix Holland, NV, Heerenveen,

The Netherlands

Copyright

©

1982 Tektronix,

Inc.

All

rights reserved.

Contents

of

this publication may not

be

reproduced

in

any

form without the written permission

of

Tektronix, Inc.

Products of Tektronix,

Inc.

and

its subsidiaries are covered

by

U.S. and foreign patents and/or pending patents.

TEKTRONIX, TEK, SCOPE-MOBILE, and

are

registered trademarks

of

Tektronix, Inc. TELEQUIPMENT

is

a registered trademark

of

Tektronix U

.K.

Limited.

Printed

in

U.S.A. Specification

and

price change privileges

are

reserved.

INSTRUMENT SERIAL

NUMBERS

Each

instrument has a serial number on a panel insert, tag,

or stamped

on

the chassis. The first number

or

letter

designates the country

of

manufacture. The last five digits

of the serial number

are

assigned sequentially and are

unique to each instrument. Those manufactured

in

the

United States have six unique digits. The country of

manufacture

is

identified

as

follows:

B000000

100000

200000

300000

700000

Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon, USA

Tektronix Guernsey, Ltd., Channel Islands

Tektronix United Kingdom, Ltd., London

Sony/Tektronix, Japan

Tektronix Holland,

NV

,

Heerenveen,

The Netherlands

2445 Operators

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Page

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

..........

LIST OF TABLES

............................

OPERATORS SAFETY SUMMARY

SECTION 1 SPECIFICATION

INTRODUCTION............................... 1-1

PERFORMANCE CONDITIONS .. . 1-1

SECTION 2 PREPARATION FOR USE

SAFETY

..............................................

2-1

LINE VOLTAGE SELECTION .... 2-1

LINE FUSE

.........................................

2-1

POWER CORD.................................... 2-1

INSTRUMENT COOLING

...............

2-1

START-UP

...........................................

2-2

REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT. . 2-2

SECTION 3 CONTROLS, CONNECTORS,

AND INDICATORS

POWER AND DISPLAY..................... 3-1

VERTICAL

.........................................

3-2

HORIZONTAL AND DELTA

MEASUREMENT............................. 3-4

TRIGGER

...........................................

3-7

REAR PANEL

....................................

3-9

READOUT DISPLAY

..........................

3-11

SECTION 4 OPERATIN CONSIDERATIONS

GRATICULE....................................... 4-1

TIME AND VOLTAGE

MEASUREMENTS

............................

4-1

GROUNDING

....................................

4-1

SIGNAL CONNECTIONS

..................

4-2

INPUT-COUPLING CAPACITOR

PRECHARGING

.................................

4-2

EXTERNALTRIGGERING

.............

4-2

SECTION 5 OPERATOR'S CHECKS AND

ADJUSTMENTS

INTRODUCTION............................... 5-1

INITIAL SETUP

.................................

5-1‘

TRACE ROTATION

ADJUSTMENT.................................... 5-1

ASTIGMATISM ADJUSTMENT . . . 5-2

AUTO DC BALANCE

ADJUSTMENT

....................................

5-2

PROBE LOW-FREQUENCY

COMPENSATION............................... 5-2

MATCHING CHANNEL 2 DELAY. . 5-3

AMPLITUDE CHECK

.......................

5-4

TIMING CHECK

.................................

5-4

SECTION 6 BASIC APPLICATIONS

INDEX OF PROCEDURES

...............

6-1

VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT

..........

6-1

VOLTAGE RATIO

............................

6-2

ALGEBRAIC ADDITION AND

ELIMINATING COMMON-MODE

SIGNALS

.

........................................... 6-3

TIME INTERVAL............................... 6-4

FREQUENCY

....................................

6-4

TIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

TWO TIME-RELATED PULSES . . . 6-5

TIME RATIO

......................................

6-5

PHASE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

TWO TIME-RELATED SIGNALS . . 6-6

SMALL-ANGLE PHASE

DIFFERENCE.................................... 6-6

DELAYED-SWEEP OPERATION. . . 6-7

SECTION 7 OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES

INTRODUCTION............................... 7-1

OPTION 1R......................................... 7-1

POWER CORD OPTIONS

..................

7-1

STANDARD ACCESSORIES

..........

7-2

OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

.............

7-2

APPENDIX A POWER-UP TESTS

KERNEL TESTS

.................................

A-1

CONFIDENCE TESTS

.......................

A-1

CHAN E INFORMATION

2445 Operators

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Page

The 2445 Os illos ope...................................................................................................................... iv

2- 1 Line sele tor swit h, line fuse, and deta hable power ord

............................................................

2-2

3- 1 Power and display ontrols............................................................................................................... 3-1

3-2 Verti al ontrols and CH 1 OR X and CH 2 onne tors.................................................................. 3-2

3-3 Channel 3 and Channel 4 ontrols and onne tors and CALIBRATOR o u tp u t

........................

3-3

3-4 Horizontal and delta measurement ontrols

...................................................................................

3-4

3-5 Trigger ontrols and indi ators.......................................................................................................... 3-7

3-6 Rear-panel ontrols and onne tors......................................................................................................3-10

3- 7 Readout display lo ations.....................................................................................................................3-11

4- 1 Grati ule measurement markings..................................................................................................... 4-1

5- 1 Probe low-frequen y ompensation................................................................................................... 5-3

6- 1 Instantaneous d levels....................................................................................................................... 6-1

6-2 Voltage ratios...................................................................................................................................... 6-2

6-3 Eliminating ommon-mode signals

..........................................................................................

6-3

6-4 Measuring rise times............................................................................................................................ 6-4

6-5 Time differen e between two time-related pulses ( ursor m ethod)............................................. 6-5

6-6 Time ratios (duty y les).................................................................................................................. 6-6

6-7 Phase differen e between two time-related signals......................................................................... 6-7

6-8 Small-angle phase differen e............................................................................................................. 6-7

6-9 Time differen e between two time-related pulses (delayed-sweep method)................................ 6-9

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1-1 Electrical Characteristics.................................................................................................................... 1-2

1-2 Environmental Characteristics.......................................................................................................... 1-9

1- 3 Mechanical Characteristics.................................................................................................................. 1-10

2- 1 Voltage, Fuse, and Power-Cord Data................................................................................................ 2-3

A-1 Confidence Test Numbers and Descriptions................................................................................... A-1

2445 Operators

OPERATORS SAFETY SUMMARY

The general safety information in this part of the summary is for both operating and servicing personnel. Specific warnings

and cautions will be found throughout the manual where they apply and do not appear in this summary.

Terms in This Manual

CAUTION statements identify onditions or pra ti es

that ould result in damage to the equipment or other

property.

WARNING statements identify onditions or pra ti es

that ould result in personal injury or loss of life.

rounding the Product

This produ t is grounded through the grounding ondu tor

of the power ord. To avoid ele tri al sho k, plug the

power ord into a properly wired re eptable before on

ne ting to the produ t input or output terminals. A

prote tive ground onne tion by way of the grounding

ondu tor in the power ord is essential for safe operation.

Terms as Marked on Equipment

CAUTION indi ates a personal injury hazard not imme

diately a essible as one reads the markings, or a hazard to

property, in luding the equipment itself.

DANGER indi ates a personal injury hazard immediately

a essible as one reads the marking.

Danger Arising From Loss of round

Upon loss of the prote tive-ground onne tion, all a es

sible ondu tive parts (in luding knobs and ontrols that

may appear to be insulating) an render an ele tri sho k.

Symbols in This Manual

This symbol indi ates where appli able

A autionary or other information is to be

found. For maximum input voltage see

Table 1-1.

Use the Proper Power Cord

Use only the power ord and onne tor spe ified for

your produ t.

Use only a power ord that is in good ondition.

For detailed information on power ords and onne tors

see Table 2-1.

Symbols as Marked on Equipment

DANGER — High voltage.

Prote tive ground (earth) terminal.

Use the Proper Fuse

To avoid fire hazard, use only a fuse of the orre t type,

voltage rating and urrent rating as spe ified in the parts

list for your produ t.

A

ATTENTION — Refer to manual.

Power Source

This produ t is intended to operate from a power sour e

that does not apply more than 250 volts rms between the

supply ondu tors or between either supply ondu tor and

ground. A prote tive ground onne tion by way of the

grounding ondu tor in the power ord is essential for safe

operation.

Do Not Operate in Explosive Atmospheres

To avoid explosion, do not operate this produ t in an

explosive atmosphere unless it has been spe ifi ally er

tified for su h operation.

Do Not Remove Covers or Panels

To avoid personal injury, do not remove the produ t

overs or panels. Do not operate the produ t without the

overs and panels properly installed.

2445 Operators

Section 1—2445 Operators

SPECIFICATION

INTRODUCTION

The TEKTRONIX 2445 Os illos ope is a portable

150-MHz instrument having a four- hannel verti al defle 

tion system. Channel 1 and Channel 2 provide alibrated

defle tion fa tors from 2 mV per division to 5 V per

division. For ea h of these hannels, input impedan e is

sele table between two values: either 1 M£2 in parallel

with 15 pF, or 50 12 internal termination. Input-signal

oupling with 1-M£2 impedan e an be sele ted as either

AC or DC. Channel 3 and Channel 4 have defle tion fa tors

of either 0.1 V or 0.5 V per division. Ea h of these hannels

has an input impedan e of 1 M£2 in parallel with 15 pF,

with DC input-signal oupling. Trigger ir uits enable stable

triggering over the full bandwidth of the verti al system.

The horizontal defle tion system provides alibrated

sweep speeds from 1.5 s per division to 1 ns per division.

Drive for the horizontal defle tion system is obtained from

a hoi e of A, B delayed, A alternated with B delayed

sweeps, or CH 1 (for the X-Y display mode).

The 2445 in orporates alphanumeri rt readouts of the

verti al and horizontal s ale fa tors, the trigger levels,

time-differen e measurement values, voltage-differen e

measurement values, and ertain auxiliary information.

The 2445 Os illos ope is shipped with the following

standard a essories:

2 Probe pa kages

1 Snap-lo k a essories pou h

1 Zip-lo k a essories pou h

1 Operators manual

1 Servi e manual

1 Power ord (installed)

1 2-A, 250-V fuse

1 Clear plasti rt filter

1 Blue plasti rt filter (installed)

1 Front-panel over

1 Operators po ket referen e ard

For part numbers and further information about both

standard and optional a essories, refer to "Options and

A essories" (Se tion 7) of this manual. Your Tektronix

representative or lo al Tektronix Field Offi e an also

provide a essories information and ordering assistan e.

PERFORMANCE CONDITIONS

The following ele tri al hara teristi s (Table 1-1)

are valid for the 2445 when it has been adjusted at an

ambient temperature between +20°C and +30°C, has had

a warm-up period of at least 20 minutes, and is operating

at an ambient temperature between —15°C and +55°C

(unless otherwise noted).

Items listed in the "Performan e Requirements" olumn

are verifiable qualitative or quantitative limits that define

the measurement apabilities of the instrument.

Environmental hara teristi s are given in Table 1-2.

The 2445 Os illos ope meets the environmental require

ments of MIL-T-28800C for Type III, Class 3, Style C

equipment, with the humidity and temperature require

ments defined in paragraphs 3.9.2.2, 3.9.2.3, and 3.9.2.4.

Me hani al hara teristi s of the 2445 are listed in

Table 1-3.

1-1

Specification—2445 Operators

Table 1-1

Characteristics

Electrical Characteristics

Performance Requirements

VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2

Defle tion Fa tor

Range 2 mV per division to 5 V per division in a 1-2-5 sequen e of 11 steps.

A ura y

+15°Cto +35° C Within ±2% at any VOLTS/DIV setting for a 4- or 5-division signal

entered on the s reen.

—15°C to +15°C and +35°Cto +55°C Add 1% to +15°C-to-+35°C spe ifi ation.

AV A ura y (using ursors over entire

grati ule area)

+ 15°C to +35°C ±(1.25% of reading + 0.03 division + signal aberrations).

—15°C to +15°C and +35°Cto +55°C Add 1% of reading to +15°C-to-+35°C spe ifi ation.

AV Range ± 8 times the VOLTS/DIV swit h setting.

Variable Range Continuously variable between VOLTS/DIV swit h settings. Extends

defle tion fa tor of the 5 V per division setting to at least 12.5 V

per division.

Frequen y Response (3 dB bandwidth)

— 15°C to +55°C

Six-division referen e signal from a terminated 50-0 system, with

VAR VOLTS/DIV ontrol in alibrated detent.

VOLTS/DIV

setting

— 3 dB bandwidth

with standard-accessory

probe or internal

50-Q termination

— 4.7 dB bandwidth

with 50-Q external

termination on

1-Mft input

2 mV DC to 80 MHz DC to 80 MHz

— 15°C to + 35°C 5 mV or greater DC to 150 MHz DC to 150 MHz

+ 35°C to + 55°C 5 mV or greater DC to 100 MHz DC to 100 MHz

AC Coupled Lower —3 dB Point

IX Probe 10 Hz or less.

10X Probe 1 Hz or less.

Step Response

Rise Time 2.33 ns or less for VOLTS/DIV swit h settings of 5 mV and up

( al ulated).

4.4 ns or less for VOLTS/DIV swit h setting of 2 mV ( al ulated).

Rise time al ulated from: bandwidth x rise time = 0.35.

Common-mode Reje tion Ratio (CMRR) At least 20:1 at 50 MHz for ommon-mode signals of eight divisions

or less, with VAR VOLTS/DIV ontrol adjusted for best CMRR at

50 kHz at any VOLTS/DIV swit h setting from 5 mV to 5 V; at

least 20:1 at 20 MHz at 2 mV per division.

1-2 REV MAR 1984

Specification—2445 Operators

Table 1-1 (cont)

Characteristics Performance Requirements

VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 (cont)

Channel Isolation 100:1 or greater attenuation of the desele ted hannel at 100 MHz;

50:1 or greater attenuation at 150 MHz, for an eight-division input

signal from 2 mV per division to 500 mV per division, with equal

VOLTS/DIV swit h settings on both hannels.

Displayed Channel 2 Signal Delay with Respe t

to Channel 1 Signal Adjustable through a range of at least —500 ps to +500 ps.

Input R and C (1 MO)

Resistan e 1 MO ±0.5%.

Capa itan e 15 pF ±2 pF.

Maximum Input Voltage A400 V (d + peak a ).

800 V p-p a at 10 kHz or less.

Input R (50 O)

Resistan e 50 O ±1%.

VSWR (DC to 150 MHz) 1.3:1 or less.

Maximum Input Voltage

(DC Coupling Only) A5 V rms; 0.5 W-se onds during any 1-s interval for instantaneous

voltage from 5 V to 50 V.

Cas aded Operation CH 2 SIGNAL OUT into Channel 1 input; DC oupled using a

50-0 RG-58C/U oaxial able, terminated in 50 $7 at the Channel 1

input. Channel 1 and Channel 2 VOLTS/DIV swit h set to 2 mV.

Bandwidth D to 50 MHz or greater.

Defle tion Fa tor 400 mV per division ±10%.

VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM-CHANNEL 3 AND CHANNEL 4

Defle tion Fa tor

Values 0.1 V per division and 0.5 V per division.

A ura y Within ±10%.

Frequen y Response (3-dB Bandwidth) Six-division referen e signal, from a terminated 50-0 system.

— 3 dB Bandwidth

With standard accessory probe — 4.7 dB Bandwidth

With external 50-0 termination

DC to 150 MHz DC to 150 MHz

Step Response

Rise Time 2.33 ns or less ( al ulated from bandwidth).

Channel Isolation 50:1 or greater attenuation of the desele ted hannel at 100 MHz

with an eight-division input signal.

REV MAY 1984 1-3