Sony RDR-GX7 Manual

What's DVD Recording?

DVD-Video is now the standard. Writable DVD is next.

Worldwide DVD player market

Units sold

100,000

75,000

50,000

25,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Writable DVD comes in several different formats.

There are several different writable DVD format

specifications. Let’s take a look at the common features

and differences of each.

Writable DVD formats are a combination of physical and logical formats.

Physical format Logical format

Rewritable

Write-once

DVD Compatible type

Video Recording (VR)

type

Since its introduction in 1996, DVD-Video fast became the new world

standard for movie and concert video enjoyment, with extremely high quality

picture and sound reproduction. Not only have DVD players become

commonplace, DVD drives are increasingly employed in computers, game

devices and other electronic equipment. DVD is truly a versatile new storage

medium across a wide spectrum of applications.

Naturally, the time has come for writable DVD. High picture and sound

quality combine with many versatile playback functions to make this the

media of choice. The dream of high-quality digital disc recording in the

home, not only for audio/video entertainment, but also for computer storage, has

now become a reality as a media suitable for the era of broadband

communications.

The total number of DVD playback units, including PCs and game equipment with

DVD drives, is expected to increase greatly in the near future.

Digital recording with

high image and sound quality.

Compact with

very large data capacity.

Random access for

superior operation.

Laser pickup for high-quality playback,

time after time, with no disc wear.

Writable DVD has these superior features.

Storage and playback of digitally recorded video

and audio with superior image and sound quality.

Non-contact optical reading system is impervious to wear during repeated playback,

and is highly resistant to the effects of dirt and scratches, for superior storage characteristics.

Quick random access to image and sound without the need for cueing or rewinding.

Up to 4.7 GB of data can be recorded on a CD-sized 12 cm optical disc.

Writable DVD

video recording

High quality digital recording of

audio and video

MPEG-2

audio recording

Dolby Digital

Linear PCM

MPEG audio

The primary digital recording formats

used in writable DVD

Just like DVD-Video, writable DVD digitally

records video using the MPEG-2 format,

and digitally records audio using Dolby

Digital and other formats. This assures

extremely high quality video and audio

recording, while also ensuring playback

compatibility on conventional DVD players.

Digital recording of both image and sound.

Common features of

writable DVD

How MPEG-2 video compression works

MPEG-2 is a highly efficient and effective technology for the compression of video signals at

variable rates. The areas of movement in each scene are determined, and for areas where

there is no change, the volume of data representing those areas can be greatly reduced.

Fixed bit rate compression & variable bit rate compression

Writable DVD can be recorded at not only fixed transmission rates, but also at variable

transmission rates which enable high image quality recording of complex video images at the

same average transmission rate.

Compression in field unites.

(The image is digitalized in

field units and compressed.)

Compression on time axis.

(The imaage is compressed by

determining the volume of movement.)

Compressed to

1/40th, on average.

Data volume

Time axis

Impossible

Average

transmission rate

Waste

Average

transmission rate

Variable

compression bit rate

Fixed

compression bit rate

The rate of compression is

varied depending upon data

volume to increase efficiency.

When the transmission rate is fixed,

signal transmission is inefficient,

and portions which cannot be transmitted

result in deterioration of playback quality.

4.7GB

Image quality

Image quality vs. recording time

10 Mbps

6 Mbps

4 Mbps

2 hours 3 hours 6 hours1 hour

Recording time

High Quality Picture and Sound Recording

2-channel audio

Video

2 hour recording

Linear PCM audio

5.2 Mbps

transmission

rate

Even if the total transmission rates and recording times are the same,

emphasis can be placed on either high sound quality or high picture quality

depending upon the allocation ratio of the audio and video signal portions.

3.554 Mbps

video transmission

rate

1.536 Mbps

audio transmission

rate

2-channel audio

Video

2 hour recording

Dolby Digital audio

4.994 Mbps

video transmission

rate

0.256 Mbps

audio transmission

rate

(bps = bits per second)

Compact optical disc with large data capacity.

The relationship between image quality and recording time.

Recording time on a given disc varies

according to the data transmission rate. If the

rate is high, image quality is better, but

recording time is shorter. If the rate is lowered,

recording time is longer, but at the expense of

image quality. Moreover, even with the same

recording time, image quality can change

depending upon the format for audio recording.

4.7GB per DVD

CD 7

DVD VHS tape

12 cm discs are easy to handle, easy to store.

DVDs are the same size as CDs, just 12 cm and only 1.2 mm thick. Even

a large video collection takes up very little space. Plus, they're easy to

carry and send.

A DVD in its case is still 1/3 the volume of a VHS tape.

Note:

There is also a format specification for an 8 cm DVD which holds 1.46 GB of data.

By varying the transmission

rate, priority can be placed

either on image quality or

on longer recording time.

Common features of

writable DVD 2

A DVD holds seven times as much data as a CD.

One side of a DVD can hold up to 4.7 GB, about seven times a CD

holds. This high data capacity enables longer recording of video

and audio.

Random access for versatile operation

Versatile recording and playback with high reliability.

Confirm recorded content using the menu

function to quickly access and play any

desired sequence.

No need to cue to find blank disc space.

Just press the REC button to start recording on

the remaining blank area. It's quick and easy.

Superior storage characteristics

Since the signal is read by non-contact laser

pickup, there is no wear, even after repeated

playback or cueing operations.

No stretching or print-through as with tape,

just high quality images and sound, always.

Since it is digital, powerful error correction

systems can be used to assure greater

resistance against dirt and scratches for

highly reliable playback.

Title 1

First recording

Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 1 Chapter 1Chapter 2

Title 2

Second recording

Titles and Chapters in Writable DVD

In DVD, content is organized by titles and chapters. In read-only

DVD-Video software, one movie is generally considered one

title, and within the title there are several chapters which can be

accessed through the menu. In writable DVD, one recording is

saved as one title, and within that title different chapters can be

specified. Using this chapter and title data, various playback and

editing functions can be performed from the menu.

Common features of

writable DVD 3

Write-once DVDs can only be recorded once, like photographic film. Rewritable DVDs can be recorded and re-recorded many times, like tape.

Each type has its own advantages, and is chosen depending upon the type of use.

There are write-once and rewritable DVDs

Write-once

DVD-RW, DVD+RW

DVD-R and DVD+R are "write once" discs,

meaning they can only be recorded once. Since phase change is not permanent, DVD-RW, DVD+RW and

DVD-RAM allow data to be written and rewritten over and over.

Merit

There is no danger or mistakenly erasing or

recording over the recorded content.

Rewritable

DVD-R, DVD+R

This type is used for DVD-video

and other playback uses. Data is

represented by the presence or

absence of a pit in the pit lanes

pressed on the disc.

Pit

Read-only

DVD-RAM

DVD-ROM

Organic dye

(groove

recording)

Track pitch: 0.74 microns

Phase

change

material

(groove

recording)

Phase

change

material

(land &

groove

recording)

What is the difference between

DVD-R and DVD+R?

While DVD-R and DVD+R both have the

same basic construction as DVD-ROM,

there are differences in their rotational

control systems and data recording

positions.

What are the differences between DVD-RW,

DVD+RW and DVD-RAM?

While DVD-RW and DVD+RW both have the same basic construction and

performance of DVD-ROM, there are differences in the way their disc

rotational control systems and data recording positions are configured.

DVD-RAM uses a special land and groove recording configuration and

specification which enables data to be rewritten up to 100,000 times,

compared to 1,000 times for DVD-RW and DVD+RW.

Merit

The same disc can be used over and over.

Unwanted sections of the disc can be erased and

rewritten.

Track pitch: 0.74 microns Track pitch: 0.615 microns

Differences in

writable DVD 1

Track pitch: 0.74 microns

Physical format

grooveland

During DVD recording, a powerful laser beam, stronger than that used for playback,

heats up the recording material, changing it to represent the data. Write-once DVDs use

chemical change, while rewritableDVDs make use of phase change.

How Write-once and Rewritable DVDs work.

During recording, a powerful laser beam is focused on the organic dye

recording material, and the heat from the laser changes the chemical

structure of the dye. During playback, the playback laser can sense which

parts of the dye have been changed by heat and which haven’t. Through this

process the [0] and [1] of a digital signal can be represented. However,

changes in the dye structure are permanent, so the disc cannot be rewritten.

In write-once recording,

the organic dye is chemically changed.

Recording material layer

Reflective layer

Playback Recording

Playback of an area

heated by the laser

Laser

Playback of an area

not heated by the laser

Laser pickup Required laser output during

recording and playback

Recording time

Playback

The recording material used is in crystalline form before recording.

When it is heated by the powerful laser, it becomes amorphous and

loses its crystalline structure. However, weaker laser light can be used to

slowly heat it to return it to its original crystalline form. In this way, the disc

can be rewritten over and over.

In rewritable recording,

the phase of the recording material is changed.

Recording time

Recording material layer

(Reflective layer)

Playback Recording Erasing

Amorphous structure Crystalline structure

Laser

Laser pickup Required laser output during

recording and playback

Amorphous and crystalline

structures have different

reflective ratios, so the [0] and

[1] of Through this process

the [0] and [1] of a digital signal

can be represented.

Differences in

writable DVD 11

Different recording methods are used.

DVD recording methods can basically be divided into two categories, those which place emphasis on

playback equipment compatibility, and those which enable more operation functions. Here, these are

referred to as the DVD compatible type and the Video Recording (VR) type. The DVD compatible type is for

recording DVDs which can be played on DVD-Video players, while the VR type is for taking advantage of

numerous operation functions, playing DVDs primarily with the equipment on which they were recorded.

The DVD-Compatible type has superior playback compatibility.

Discs recorded as the DVD compatible type can be

played on any conventional DVD player. Data is

recorded from the center of the disc outwards.

Recordings made can be played on other players,

and can be given to friends and associates.

Discs which are the DVD Compatible type.

Discs for DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, DVD+RW all are the DVD Compatible type.

DVD Compatible type discs for DVD+RW have basic editing functions.

What is finalization?

This is a form of final-stage processing that enables the data recorded by writable and

rewritable formats to be played on a conventional DVD-Video player. During finalization, the

menu screen used to operate the convenient playback functions is also created.

DVD Compatible type

Can be played on most DVD-Video players

Basic recording and playback functions can be used. Can only be played on compatible players

Editing and other advanced functions can be used.

Video Recording (VR)

type

Differences in

writable DVD Logical format

Logical format-1

Differences in

writable DVD 2

The Video Recording (VR) type has many unique functions.

Unwanted scene

The original recording can be changed,

and unwanted scenes can be erased.

Original video recording

The original recording

after editing

AB C

ABC

Editing functions such as erasing scenes in an original video recording can

be performed on the disc itself. Erased scenes can be replaced with

new scenes. In addition, the disc can be “write protected” to prevent

editing and erasing of scenes.

The VR type is used for DVD-RW and DVD-RAM. The discs can only be played on compatible players,

but they feature quite a number of unique editing functions.

It is possible to record broadcasts which have been specified as “copy once.”

VR type has copy protection system on recording and it is possible to record

not only "copy free" broadcasts but also "copy once" broadcasts which allow recording only once.

Broadcasts with multiplex soundtracks may be recorded.

Stereo and bilingual soundtracks on broadcasts may be recorded, with selection of main,

sub or main + sub (stereo) possible during playback.

The original recording remains as it is.

Playback order can be changed by selecting a pre-set playlist.

Original

Playlist 1 Playlist 2

Creating a playlist and editing

ABC D

DAB DBC

The original video recording can be left as it is, and in place of erasing

scenes and changing the order, a playlist can be created to enable “virtual

editing”for different playback order. Best of all, this does not reduce the

amount of available recording time on the disc.

Recorded video scenes can be edited on the disc itself.

Virtual editing is possible by making a playlist

Differences in

writable DVD 2

Note1: Although this information is based on format specifications, there may be cases when playback is not possible on actual equipment purchased.

Note2: Broadcasting stations can add copy generation control signal to programs to protect the rights of copyright holders of the contents.

Recording of "copy once" programs is limited to only once, and "copy never" program is not allowed to be recorded, though "copy free" programs can be recorded over multiple generation.

Logical format-2

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