PCB Piezotronics PM165A01 Manual de usuario

Model PM165A01

CHARGE PRESSURE SENSOR

Installation and Operating Manual

For assistance with the operation of this product,

contact PCB Piezotronics, Inc.

Toll-free: 800-828-8840

24-hour SensorLine: 716-684-0001

Fax: 716-684-0987

E-mail: [email protected]

Web: www.pcb.com

The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that

may be found elsewhere in this manual.

Total Customer Satisfaction –PCB

Piezotronics guarantees Total Customer

Satisfaction. If, at any time, for any

reason, you are not completely satisfied

with any PCB product, PCB will repair,

replace, or exchange it at no charge.

You may also choose to have your

purchase price refunded in lieu of the

repair, replacement, or exchange of the

product.

Service –Due to the sophisticated

nature of the sensors and associated

instrumentation provided by PCB

Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is

not recommended and, if attempted,

may void the factory warranty. Routine

maintenance, such as the cleaning of

electrical connectors, housings, and

mounting surfaces with solutions and

techniques that will not harm the

physical material of construction, is

acceptable. Caution should be observed

to insure that liquids are not permitted to

migrate into devices that are not

hermetically sealed. Such devices

should only be wiped with a dampened

cloth and never submerged or have

liquids poured upon them.

Repair –In the event that equipment

becomes damaged or ceases to

operate, arrangements should be made

to return the equipment to PCB

Piezotronics for repair. User servicing or

repair is not recommended and, if

attempted, may void the factory

warranty.

Calibration –Routine calibration of

sensors and associated instrumentation

is recommended as this helps build

confidence in measurement accuracy

and acquired data. Equipment

calibration cycles are typically

established by the users own quality

regimen. When in doubt about a

calibration cycle, a good “rule of thumb”

is to recalibrate on an annual basis. It is

also good practice to recalibrate after

exposure to any severe temperature

extreme, shock, load, or other

environmental influence, or prior to any

critical test.

PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO-

9001 certified metrology laboratory and

offers calibration services, which are

accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025,

with full traceability to SI through

N.I.S.T. In addition to the normally

supplied calibration, special testing is

also available, such as: sensitivity at

elevated or cryogenic temperatures,

phase response, extended high or low

frequency response, extended range,

leak testing, hydrostatic pressure

testing, and others. For information on

standard recalibration services or

special testing, contact your local PCB

Piezotronics distributor, sales

representative, or factory customer

service representative.

Returning Equipment –Following

these procedures will insure that your

returned materials are handled in the

most expedient manner. Before

Warranty, Service, Repair, and

Return Policies and Instructions

returning any equipment to PCB

Piezotronics, contact your local

distributor, sales representative, or

factory customer service representative

to obtain a Return Warranty, Service,

Repair, and Return Policies and

Instructions Materials Authorization

(RMA) Number. This RMA number

should be clearly marked on the outside

of all package(s) and on the packing

list(s) accompanying the shipment. A

detailed account of the nature of the

problem(s) being experienced with the

equipment should also be included

inside the package(s) containing any

returned materials.

A Purchase Order, included with the

returned materials, will expedite the

turn-around of serviced equipment. It is

recommended to include authorization

on the Purchase Order for PCB to

proceed with any repairs, as long as

they do not exceed 50% of the

replacement cost of the returned

item(s). PCB will provide a price

quotation or replacement

recommendation for any item whose

repair costs would exceed 50% of

replacement cost, or any item that is not

economically feasible to repair. For

routine calibration services, the

Purchase Order should include

authorization to proceed and return at

current pricing, which can be obtained

from a factory customer service

representative.

Warranty –All equipment and repair

services provided by PCB Piezotronics,

Inc. are covered by a limited warranty

against defective material and

workmanship for a period of one year

from date of original purchase. Contact

PCB for a complete statement of our

warranty. Expendable items, such as

batteries and mounting hardware, are

not covered by warranty. Mechanical

damage to equipment due to improper

use is not covered by warranty.

Electronic circuitry failure caused by the

introduction of unregulated or improper

excitation power or electrostatic

discharge is not covered by warranty.

Contact Information –International

customers should direct all inquiries to

their local distributor or sales office. A

complete list of distributors and offices

can be found at www.pcb.com.

Customers within the United States may

contact their local sales representative

or a factory customer service

representative. A complete list of sales

representatives can be found at

www.pcb.com. Toll-free telephone

numbers for a factory customer service

representative, in the division

responsible for this product, can be

found on the title page at the front of this

manual. Our ship to address and

general contact numbers are:

PCB Piezotronics, Inc.

3425 Walden Ave.

Depew, NY14043 USA

Toll-free: (800) 828-8840

24-hour SensorLineSM: (716) 684-0001

Website: www.pcb.com

E-mail: [email protected]

PCB工业监视和测量设备 - 中国RoHS2公布表

PCB Industrial Monitoring and Measuring Equipment - China RoHS 2 Disclosure Table

部件名称

有害物质

铅(Pb)

汞

(Hg)

镉

(Cd)

六价铬(Cr(VI))

多溴联苯 (PBB)

多溴二苯醚(PBDE)

住房

PCB板

电气连接器

压电晶体

环氧

铁氟龙

电子

厚膜基板

电线

电缆

塑料

焊接

铜合金/黄铜

本表格依据 SJ/T 11364 的规定编制。

O：表示该有害物质在该部件所有均质材料中的含量均在 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求以下。

X：表示该有害物质至少在该部件的某一均质材料中的含量超出 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求。

铅是欧洲RoHS指令2011/65/ EU附件三和附件四目前由于允许的豁免。

CHINA RoHS COMPLIANCE

DOCUMENT NUMBER: 21354

DOCUMENT REVISION: C

ECN: 45605

Component Name

Hazardous Substances

Lead

(Pb)

Mercury

(Hg)

Cadmium

(Cd)

Chromium VI

Compounds

(Cr(VI))

Polybrominated

Biphenyls

(PBB)

Polybrominated

Diphenyl

Ethers (PBDE)

Housing

PCB Board

Electrical

Connectors

Piezoelectric

Crystals

Epoxy

Teflon

Electronics

Thick Film

Substrate

Wires

Cables

Plastic

Solder

Copper Alloy/Brass

This table is prepared in accordance with the provisions of SJ/T 11364.

O: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is below the limit

requirement of GB/T 26572.

X: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials for this part is above

the limit requirement of GB/T 26572.

Lead is present due to allowed exemption in Annex III or Annex IV of the European RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU.

BALLISTICS PRESSURE TRANSDUCER MODELS 165B02 AND 118A07 OPERATION MANUAL 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Model 165B02 & 118A07 are, charge mode

ballistics transducers with welded diaphragm and a

rugged quartz element of proven reliability ideally suited

for shotgun shells. The transducer’s welded diaphragm

provides better transient thermal characteristics,

important for ballistics applications. The rugged

piezoelectric element utilizes synthetic quartz crystals to

convert instantaneous pressure changes to an analogous

electrostatic charge. Chamber pressure is sensed by the

transducer as the round is fired.

The transducer also serves as a replacement for other

diaphragm-type gauges. In addition to ballistics testing,

the Model 165B02 & 118A07 can be used for hydraulic

and pneumatic test applications.

2.0 DESCRIPTION

Figure 2.1 shows the external configuration of the Model

165B02. The unit is housed in a lightweight stainless

steel case and has a stainless steel diaphragm. It

comfortably tolerates ambient temperatures ranging

from -400 to +400 °F (-240 to +204 °C).

The 3/8-24 thread and flush diaphragm design are

conventional, providing direct interchangeability with

existing machined diaphragm-type piezoelectric

transducers. The short, rigid quartz element and stiff

diaphragm give the unit a 250 kHz natural frequency and

good linearity, even below 1 000 psi.

3.0 INSTALLATION

When choosing an installation method, the advantages

and disadvantages of each method must be carefully

weighed. Characteristics like location, ruggedness,

amplitude range, accessibility, temperature and

portability may be greatly affected by the installation

configuration and technique. Often, the most important

and overlooked consideration is the affect the mounting

technique has on the high-frequency operating range of

the pressure sensor.

Two basic mounting techniques are recommended for

pressure sensors: the recess mount and the flush mount.

The technique used is determined by the specifics of the

individual application. See the Installation Drawing in

this manual for additional details on the individual

sensor series.

A torque wrench should be used to ensure specified

mounting torque when installing the unit. Refer to the

Installation Drawing, located in the Appendix, for the

recommended torque value.

It is wise to replace the seal each time the transducer is

installed. One is supplied with the sensor; replacements

are available as regular stock items.

3.1 Mounting in Existing Recessed Ports

The Model 165B02 & 118A07 mounts directly in

existing ports machined for PCB Models 165A02,

167A, 167A02, 167A11, 167A12, and others.

Drawing Number: 21109

Revision: NR

BALLISTICS PRESSURE TRANSDUCER MODELS 165B02 AND 118A07 OPERATION MANUAL 2

Before installing the transducer in previously used

mounting ports, clean out the residue remaining from

previous tests as shown in Figure 3.1 . This is

accomplished by hand-reaming the ¼-inch diameter

hole, using a PCB Model 040B20 (English Port,

Drawing 42831) or 040B21 (Metric Port, Drawing

42832) Flat-Bottom Reamer or its equivalent.

It is important to note that the seal surface may require

remachining to get it sufficiently clean following

prolonged use. If this procedure is necessary, do not

forge too deeply into the 1/4-inch (6.35 mm) diameter

hole. Doing so could remove the shoulder, causing the

transducer to bottom out when it is installed.

If waveform distortion occurs during prolonged testing,

remove the transducer and clean out the residue as

shown on 42831, & 42832.

3.2 Preparing New Mounting Ports

Refer to drawings 42831, & 42832 provided for

instructions on mounting hole preparation. For best

results, do not deviate from the outlined steps.

Use good machining practice in preparing the mounting

port. Pay particular attention to the seal surface (.323

inches / 8.2 mm in diameter), keeping it free from tool

chatter marks.

NOTE: It is important that this surface be perfectly

smooth and free from nicks or other discontinuities that

could cause leaks at high pressures.

3.3 Recess Mount

The recess mount technique protects the sensor

diaphragm from the effect of high flash temperature and

particle impingement. This method is often selected

because it can prolong sensor life and increase data

integrity by reducing thermal error. See Figure 3.2.

The recommended range of passage diameters is .090 to

.125 inches (2.286 to 3.175 mm) in diameter.

When using the recess mount technique, note that the

length of the passage may limit the usable frequency

range of the sensor. The effect the passage has is like

that of an under-damped second order system, with the

resonant frequency determined by passage length. The

passage length thus limits the pressure pulse rise time

and may also cause passage ringing.

The function is described by the following equation:

Where: Fr = resonant frequency passage (Hz)

V = velocity of sound in air (feet/second)

L = length of column (feet)

For air at room temperature, the equation becomes:

3300

Where: L = passage length (inches)

The natural frequency and approximately fastest

pressure step rise time for various length passages are

shown in the following chart, using a medium of air at

77°F (25°C).

Drawing Number: 21109

Revision: NR

BALLISTICS PRESSURE TRANSDUCER MODELS 165B02 AND 118A07 OPERATION MANUAL 3

Selected Values for 77°F (25°C)

Measured resonant frequencies may differ slightly from

the chart values due to variations in the velocity of

sound in the air from changes in temperature and

pressure of the air in the passage.

If possible, keep passage lengths below 0.10 inches

(.254 mm) for best results in most ballistic applications,

especially at the casemouth and when measuring port

pressures.

3.4 Flush Mount

The flush mount installation is intended for tangential

shot shell pressure measurement and there is no reduced

area passage from the sensor diaphragm to the test

chamber. Instead, the sensor diaphragm is mounted flush

with, or slightly recessed from, the inside surface of the

test chamber. See Figure 3.3.

If thermal transients or diaphragm impingement are

concerns, use the flush mount technique only when

space or rise time considerations preclude the use of the

recess mount installation.

3.5 Flash Thermal Protection

Additional steps may be taken to provide protection

from flash thermal effects. The sensor diaphragm may

be thermally insulated with DC-4 silicone grease or its

equivalent. In place of the silicone rubber, one layer of

black vinyl electrical tape on the diaphragm may provide

sufficient insulation.

3.6 Cable Installation

Use only low-noise treated coaxial cable (PCB Model

003A or equivalent) to connect the transducer to the

charge amplifier, in-line voltage amplifier, or other high

input impedance readout instrument. For further details

on such cabling contact PCB.

Protect the ultra high impedance connection against

moisture contamination with shrink tubing or other

suitable method. Figures 5.1 and 5.2 illustrate typical

circuit connections.

It is advisable to support transducer cables by tying them

to rigid structures to prevent excessive motion that can

generate noise and materially shorten cable life. Allow

adequate strain relief.

4.0 CALIBRATION

This transducer can be calibrated using either static

hydraulic techniques, such as by a dead weight tester, or

by comparison with a standard dial gauge.

Set the charge amplifier for a long time constant, and

allow the transducer to thermally stabilize before

attempting to calibrate it.

Passage Passage Approx. fastest

length resonance pulse rise time

(inches) (kHz) (microseconds)

.050 66 5

.100 33 10

.200 16.5 20

.50 6.6 50

1.0 3.3 100

Drawing Number: 21109

Revision: NR

BALLISTICS PRESSURE TRANSDUCER MODELS 165B02 AND 118A07 OPERATION MANUAL 4

NOTE: Do not attempt to use a charge amplifier that has

less than a 5 000 second time constant when in the long

position.

Several charge amplifiers are specially designed for use

with ceramic accelerometers for higher frequency

measurements. In general, these types are unsuitable for

calibration of quartz pressure transducers by quasi-static

means.

A factory charge calibration is supplied with each

transducer. Factory recalibration is available.

5.0 OPERATION

Most test setups include the Model 165B02 & 118A07

operating into an electrostatic charge amplifier, such as

the PCB Model 443B02. See Figure 5.1.

NOTE: Keep the input cable to the charge amplifier as

short as is practical. Electrical noise at the output of any

charge amplifier is directly related to input cable length

(capacitance).

Press the ground button of the charge amplifier and

adjust electrical zero if necessary. Range the amplifier

to give the necessary full-scale voltage. For normal,

drift-free operation, switch the charge amplifier time

constant selector to MEDIUM or SHORT during use.

5.1 Polarity

Since most charge amplifiers are inverting amplifiers,

the Model 165B02 & 118A07 is designed to produce a

negative-going charge for increasing pressure at the

diaphragm.

6.0 MAINTENANCE

The only maintenance required on the Model 165B02 &

118A07 is the periodic cleaning of the connector to

restore insulation resistance.

During use in damp environments or after a period of

storage, the insulation resistance of the transducer may

degrade (1012 ohms is normal). To restore insulation

resistance, an ultrasonic cleaning in 99% pure isopropyl

alcohol is required. Then bake the transducer in a 250 °F

(121 °C) oven for several hours. If available, a vacuum

oven expedites the process. Allow the sensor to cool to

ambient temperature before re-testing the insulation

resistance.

Drawing Number: 21109

Revision: NR

Model Number

165A01

CHARGE PRESSURE SENSOR

Revision: G

ECN #: 41157

Performance

ENGLISH

Sensitivity(± 15 %)

0.150 pC/psi

0.0218 pC/kPa

Measurement Range

87 kpsi

599,844 kPa

Maximum Pressure(static)

93 kpsi

641,212 kPa

Resolution

20 mpsi

0.14 kPa

[1]

Resonant Frequency

≥250 kHz

Rise Time(Reflected)

≤2 µ sec

Non-Linearity

≤2 % FS

[2]

Environmental

Acceleration Sensitivity

≤0.02 psi/g

≤0.007 kPa/(m/s²)

Temperature Range(Operating)

-100 to +400 °F

-73 to +204 °C

Temperature Coefficient of Sensitivity

≤0.03 %/°F

≤0.018 %/°C

Maximum Flash Temperature

3000 °F

1650 °C

Maximum Shock

20,000 g pk

196,200 m/s² pk

Electrical

Capacitance

4 TO 6 pF

Insulation Resistance(at room temp)

≥10

Ohm

≥10

Ohm

Physical

Sensing Element

Quartz

Sensing Geometry

Compression

Housing Material

Stainless Steel

Diaphragm

316L Stainless Steel

Sealing

Epoxy

Electrical Connector

10-32 Coaxial Jack

Weight

0.4 oz

11 gm

All specifications are at room temperature unless otherwise specified.

In the interest of constant product improvement, we reserve the right to change specifications without notice.

ICP

is a registered trademark of PCB Group, Inc.

OPTIONAL VERSIONS

Optional versions have identical specifications and accessories as listed for the standard model

except where noted below. More than one option may be used.

- Hermetic Seal

- Metric Mount

Supplied Accessory : Model 065A59 Baffle

- Positive Output Polarity

NOTES:

[1] Resolution dependent on range setting and cable length used in charge system.

[2]

Zero

based, least

squares, straight line method.

SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES:

Model 065A57 Seal ring 0.626" OD x 0.221" ID x 0.14" thk (3)

Model 065A60 Baffle (1)

Entered: AP Engineer: RPF Sales: RWM

Approved: APB

Spec Number:

Date: 3/27/2013 Date: 3/27/2013 Date: 3/27/2013 Date: 3/27/2013

5748

3425 Walden Avenue, Depew, NY 14043

Phone: 716-684-0001

Fax: 716-684-0987

E-Mail: info@pcb.com

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