PCB Piezotronics 208C01 Manual de usuario

Model 208C01

ICP® Force Sensor

Installation and Operating Manual

For assistance with the operation of this product,

contact PCB Piezotronics, Inc.

Toll-free: 800-828-8840

24-hour SensorLine: 716-684-0001

Fax: 716-684-0987

E-mail: [email protected]

Web: www.pcb.com

The information contained in this document supersedes all similar information that

may be found elsewhere in this manual.

Service –Due to the sophisticated

nature of the sensors and associated

instrumentation provided by PCB

Piezotronics, user servicing or repair is

not recommended and, if attempted,

may void the factory warranty. Routine

maintenance, such as the cleaning of

electrical connectors, housings, and

mounting surfaces with solutions and

techniques that will not harm the

physical material of construction, is

acceptable. Caution should be observed

to ensure that liquids are not permitted

to migrate into devices that are not

hermetically sealed. Such devices

should only be wiped with a dampened

cloth and never submerged or have

liquids poured upon them.

Repair –In the event that equipment

becomes damaged or ceases to

operate, arrangements should be made

to return the equipment to PCB

Piezotronics for repair. User servicing or

repair is not recommended and, if

attempted, may void the factory

warranty.

Calibration –Routine calibration of

sensors and associated instrumentation

is recommended as this helps build

confidence in measurement accuracy

and acquired data. Equipment

calibration cycles are typically

established by the users own quality

regimen. When in doubt about a

calibration cycle, a good “rule of thumb”

is to recalibrate on an annual basis. It is

also good practice to recalibrate after

exposure to any severe temperature

extreme, shock, load, or other

environmental influence, or prior to any

critical test.

PCB Piezotronics maintains an ISO-

9001 certified metrology laboratory and

offers calibration services, which are

accredited by A2LA to ISO/IEC 17025,

with full traceability to SI through

N.I.S.T. In addition to the normally

supplied calibration, special testing is

also available, such as: sensitivity at

elevated or cryogenic temperatures,

phase response, extended high or low

frequency response, extended range,

leak testing, hydrostatic pressure

testing, and others. For information on

standard recalibration services or

special testing, contact your local PCB

Piezotronics distributor, sales

representative, or factory customer

service representative.

Returning Equipment –Following

these procedures will ensure that your

returned materials are handled in the

most expedient manner. Before

returning any equipment to PCB

Piezotronics, contact your local

distributor, sales representative, or

factory customer service representative

to obtain a Return Warranty, Service,

Repair, and Return Policies and

Instructions Materials Authorization

(RMA) Number. This RMA number

should be clearly marked on the outside

of all package(s) and on the packing

Service, Repair, and Return

Policies and Instructions

list(s) accompanying the shipment. A

detailed account of the nature of the

problem(s) being experienced with the

equipment should also be included

inside the package(s) containing any

returned materials.

A Purchase Order, included with the

returned materials, will expedite the

turn-around of serviced equipment. It is

recommended to include authorization

on the Purchase Order for PCB to

proceed with any repairs, as long as

they do not exceed 50% of the

replacement cost of the returned

item(s). PCB will provide a price

quotation or replacement

recommendation for any item whose

repair costs would exceed 50% of

replacement cost, or any item that is not

economically feasible to repair. For

routine calibration services, the

Purchase Order should include

authorization to proceed and return at

current pricing, which can be obtained

from a factory customer service

representative.

Contact Information –International

customers should direct all inquiries to

their local distributor or sales office. A

complete list of distributors and offices

can be found at www.pcb.com.

Customers within the United States may

contact their local sales representative

or a factory customer service

representative. A complete list of sales

representatives can be found at

www.pcb.com. Toll-free telephone

numbers for a factory customer service

representative, in the division

responsible for this product, can be

found on the title page at the front of this

manual. Our ship to address and

general contact numbers are:

PCB Piezotronics, Inc.

3425 Walden Ave.

Depew, NY14043 USA

Toll-free: (800) 828-8840

24-hour SensorLineSM: (716) 684-0001

Website: www.pcb.com

E-mail: [email protected]

PCB工业监视和测量设备 - 中国RoHS2公布表

PCB Industrial Monitoring and Measuring Equipment - China RoHS 2 Disclosure Table

部件名称

有害物质

铅(Pb)

汞

(Hg)

镉

(Cd)

六价铬(Cr(VI))

多溴联苯 (PBB)

多溴二苯醚(PBDE)

住房

PCB板

电气连接器

压电晶体

环氧

铁氟龙

电子

厚膜基板

电线

电缆

塑料

焊接

铜合金/黄铜

本表格依据 SJ/T 11364 的规定编制。

O：表示该有害物质在该部件所有均质材料中的含量均在 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求以下。

X：表示该有害物质至少在该部件的某一均质材料中的含量超出 GB/T 26572 规定的限量要求。

铅是欧洲RoHS指令2011/65/ EU附件三和附件四目前由于允许的豁免。

CHINA RoHS COMPLIANCE

DOCUMENT NUMBER: 21354

DOCUMENT REVISION: D

ECN: 46162

Component Name

Hazardous Substances

Lead

(Pb)

Mercury

(Hg)

Cadmium

(Cd)

Chromium VI

Compounds

(Cr(VI))

Polybrominated

Biphenyls

(PBB)

Polybrominated

Diphenyl

Ethers (PBDE)

Housing

PCB Board

Electrical

Connectors

Piezoelectric

Crystals

Epoxy

Teflon

Electronics

Thick Film

Substrate

Wires

Cables

Plastic

Solder

Copper Alloy/Brass

This table is prepared in accordance with the provisions of SJ/T 11364.

O: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part is below the limit

requirement of GB/T 26572.

X: Indicates that said hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials for this part is above

the limit requirement of GB/T 26572.

Lead is present due to allowed exemption in Annex III or Annex IV of the European RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU.

ICPFORCE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL

1.0 INTRODUCTION

ICPforce sensors incorporate a built-in MOSFET

microelectronic amplifier. This serves to convert the high

impedance charge output into a low impedance voltage signal

for analysis or recording. ICPsensors, are powered from a

separate constant current source, operate over long ordinary

coaxial or ribbon cable without signal degradation. The low

impedance voltage signal is not affected by triboelectric cable

noise or environmental contaminants.

Figure 1 - ICPSensor System Schematic

Power to operate ICPsensors is generally in the form of a

low cost, 24-27 VDC, 2-20 mA constant current supply.

Figure 1 schematically illustrates a typical ICPsensor

system. PCB offers a number of AC or battery-powered, single

or multi-channel power/signal conditioners, with or without

gain capabilities for use with force sensors. In addition, many

data acquisition systems now incorporate constant current

power for directly powering ICPsensors. Because static

calibration or quasi-static short-term response lasting up to a

few seconds is often required, PCB manufactures signal

conditioners that provide DC coupling. Figure 2 summarizes

a complete 2-wire ICPsystem configuration.

Figure 2 Typical ICPSensor System

In addition to ease of operation, ICPforce sensors offer

significant advantages over charge mode types. Because of the

low impedance output and solid-state, hermetic construction,

ICPforce sensors are well suited for continuous, unattended

force monitoring in harsh factory environments. Also, ICP

sensor cost-per-channel is substantially lower, since they

operate through standard, low-cost coaxial cable, and do not

require expensive charge amplifiers.

Refer to the installation/outline drawing and specification

sheet at the back of this manual for details and dimensions of

the particular sensor model number(s) purchased. The

following pages give a brief description of the various sensor

series available, recommended mounting procedures,

operation and recommended calibration.

In addition to PCB’s line of ICP® sensors, each ICP® sensor

series outlined has corresponding charge output versions.

Charge mode versions with high output impedance are suited

for higher temperature, metal-to-metal and very high shock

applications. These models can also be used for applications

where it is desirable to manually set the output range.

In addition to standard products, PCB has the ability to design

and manufacture custom sensors/systems for specific

applications.

If questions arise regarding the operation or characteristics of

the force sensor products as outlined in this manual, feel free

to contact an experienced PCB applications engineer toll-free

at 1-800-828-8840.

2.0 DESCRIPTION

IMPACT

Series 200 Impact Sensors are designed to measure

compression and impact forces from a fraction of a lb(N) to

50,000 lbs (to 22.4 kN). The flat sensing surface located on

the top of the sensor is designed to measure a dynamic force

quickly applied axially to the sensor.

As highlighted in Figure 3 compression forces directed

against the sensing surface produce a positive-going output. A

tensile output could be obtained if a static, steady-state load

were applied to the sensor. The maximum tensile output to be

measured would be that of the applied static, steady state load

as that load is quickly removed.

This force-directed input and corresponding output will

provide a positive going output signal in ICPmodels and a

negative going output in charge mode sensors. If desired,

adding the prefix “N” to a model number upon order,

sometimes desired for charge mode models, will indicate

polarity reversal.

ICPFORCE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL

Figure 3 - Series 200 ICPImpact Sensor

Polyimide film tape covers the cap surface to reduce high

frequency ringing associated with metal-to-metal impacts.

Internal mounting holes with uniform 10-32 threads are

prepared on each end of the sensor in the smaller models.

Two Model 081B05-mounting studs (M081B05 for metric

installation) are supplied. Larger ICP® Models 200C20 and

200C50, as well as charge mode model 210B50, have ¼-28

mounting provisions and are supplied with ¼-28 stud both

ends as well as a 1/4-28 to M6x1.0 for metric mounting.

Versions offering full-scale measurement ranges of 10 lb to

5000 lb compression (45 to 22kN) tension are available. For

higher ranges, consider the dedicated ring, link, or impact style

sensor configurations.

Applications include drop testing, machinery studies, punching

and forming operations, tensile testing, fatigue testing, fracture

analysis, and materials testing.

RINGS

Series 201B to 207C Ring Sensors are designed to measure

compression forces from a fraction of a lb(N) to 100,000 lbs

(to 444.8k N).

Each sensor is provided with a calibration certificate reflecting

the sensitivity of the sensor when calibrated with a PCB

supplied Beryllium Copper (BeCU)mounting stud. In the event

a customer is going to install the sensor in a fixture without a

mounting stud or with a stud of a stiffer material than the

supplied BeCu stud, the sensor sensitivity will be slightly

different.

Refer to Section 3 for recommended force ring mounting and

preload requirements.

Figure 4 outlines some possible mounting configurations to

which the ring series may be installed

Figure 4 - Series 201 to 207 ICP® Ring Force Sensor

Possible Installation Methods

GENERAL PURPOSE - RADIAL

Model 208C01-C05 General Purpose Sensors are designed to

measure compression and impact forces from a fraction of a

lb(N) to 5,000 lbs (to 22.24 kN). Tension forces can be

measured to 500 lbs (2.224 kN). Model 084A03, a supplied

convex, stainless steel cap with integral 10-32 mounting stud,

converts this tension/compression model to a sensor capable of

impact measurements. Polyimide film tape covers the cap

surface to reduce high frequency ringing associated with

metal-to-metal impacts.

GENERAL PURPOSE - AXIAL

Models 208A11-A15 Axial Sensors provide performance and

specifications similar to the Model 208C Sensors. These

sensors are designed primarily to measure compression and

impact forces from a few pounds(N) to 5,000 lbs (to 22.24

kN). Tensile forces can be measured to 500 lbs (2.224 kN).

The 10-32 axial electrical connector orientation associated

with these sensors makes them ideal for installations where

radial space is restricted or where physical connector damage

may occur due to the nature of the specific application. The

M7 x 0.75-6g mounting threads (all models) may be installed

directly into a test structure so that the 10-32 electrical

connector exits from the opposite side of the mounting fixture.

This helps prevent potential damage during drop test

applications. This version also uses the Model 084A03 cap

for impact measurements.

Figure 5 outlines some possible mounting configurations to

which the ring series may be installed

ICPFORCE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL

Figure 5 - Series 208 General Purpose and Axial

Connector ICP® Force Sensor Installation Methods

LINKS

Series 221B to 227C ICPLink Sensors are designed for

measuring compression from a few pounds(N) to 50,000 lbs

(to 222.4 kN), and tension forces from a few pounds (N) to

30,000 lbs (to 133.4 kN). A link consists of a standard PCB

ring sensor preloaded between two hex end nuts. All hex nuts

are internally threaded for mounting ease to a customer test

structure. Unlike ring design sensors, additional external

preloading is not required as the factory installed external

mounting hardware places the sensor in a preloaded state.

The hex nuts do not loosen naturally. DO NOT ADJUST

THE NUTS WITH A WRENCH. Loosening or tightening

of the hex nuts will change the preload applied to the sensor.

The result is that the sensor output will no longer match the

factory supplied calibration certificate. In the unlikely event

the mounting hardware becomes loose, contact PCB’s service

and repair document for proper instructions for returning the

sensor to PCB for recalibration..

Figure 6 outlines some possible mounting configurations of the

link series of sensors.

Figure 6 –Series 221 to 227 ICP®Force Link Sensor

Mounting Method

3- COMPONENT TRIAX SENSORS

PCB’s line of 3-Component force sensors is capable of

simultaneously measuring force in three (3) orthogonal

directions (X, Y, and Z). Internally, three sets of quartz

crystals are cut, oriented and preloaded so the maximum

output from the crystal cut for the specific plane is obtained

when a force is applied axially to the specific x, y or z plane.

Sensor output from loads applied in the alternate, transverse

planes(considered channel cross-talk) is negligible as the

crystal sets are cut for maximum output in a specific plane.

Optimum performance and linear operation of 3-component

force sensors is obtained when a preload is applied to the

sensor. Versions are available with ranges up to 10K lb

(45kN) in the Z-axis (perpendicular to the top surface), and up

to 4,000 lbs (18kN) in the X and Y (shear) axes.

There are two modes of triaxial force sensors. ICPtriaxial

designs utilize built-in microelectronic circuitry that provides a

low-impedance voltage, the electrical output of which is

passed to external signal conditioning via one multi-pin

connector mounted on the sensor housing This design

mechanically has one 4-pin electrical connector that may be

coupled to a single multi-conductor sensor cable.

High impedance charge mode models contain three (3)

separate electrical output connectors on the sensor housing,

each corresponding to the respective x, y, or z axis. Low noise

cables should be used in low impedance system arrangements.

These models are ideal for use in harsh industrial or high

temperature environments.

Figure 7 outlines installation possibilities of triax force

sensors.

ICPFORCE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL

Figure 7 - Series 260 Mounting 3-Component

Force Sensor

3-COMPONENT LINK TRIAX SENSORS

Series 261 3-component force sensors are designed for

measuring z-axis compression loads from a fraction of a

pound(N) to 10,000 lbs (to 45 kN), and x and y-axis radial

forces from a few pounds (N) to 4,000 lbs (to 18 kN).

These sensors are designed to simultaneously monitor three

measurements in the x, y, and z-planes. Similar to the

piezoelectric link series, this series consists of a triaxial force

sensor factory installed and preloaded between mounting

hardware. Additional customer applied preload during

installation is not required.

The mounting hardware does not loosen naturally. DO NOT

ADJUST THE MOUNTING HARDWARE as loosening or

tightening of the hardware will change the preload applied to

the sensor. Changes to the preload result in changes the

factory supplied calibration. In the unlikely event the

mounting hardware becomes loose, contact PCB’s service and

repair document for proper instructions for returning the

sensor to PCB for recalibration.

Figure 8 –SERIES 3-COMPONENT TRIAX FORCE

SENSORS

PENETRATION

Penetration style sensors are similar to the axial models but are

specifically designed for compression and impact force

measurements in materials testing applications. Smooth,

cylindrical housings and curved impact caps avoid cutting

through specimens. This enables measurements to be taken to

determine yield, deformation, and break point measurements

of polymers, composites, and other materials. The axial

connector configuration installs into force thruster apparatus

and protects the connector from potential damage. Versions

offering full-scale measurements to 5,000 lb (to 22.24kN) are

available. Tension measurements are possible with units

having removable caps.

Figure 9 - Series 208A20 ICPPenetration Force Sensor

MINIATURE/HIGH SENSITIVITY

Series 209 Miniature Sensitivity Sensors permit low

amplitude, dynamic compression, tension, and impact force

measurements. A full-scale measurement range to 2.2 lbs

(9.79 N) compression and to 1 lb (to 4.45 N) tension is

standard. Two configurations are available, one with a tapped

mounting hole and impact cap, and the other with tapped holes

ICP®version Charge mode version

ICPFORCE SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL

on both ends of the sensor. Link, integrated link, and

freestanding installations are possible as outlined in Figure 9.

Caution –Bending moment concerns

In this model, axial application of forces is critical during

measurements due to the sensitivity to bending moments. This

sensor series has a very high output (2200mV/lb, 500mV/N)

so care should be taken that applied forces are axial to prevent

unwanted output (noise) due to bending moments. In addition,

the “hat” applied to certain models enabling direct tensile

measurements is very small. Axial loads or excessive masses

applied to this “hat” could cause it to break away from the

main sensor body.

Due to its highly sensitive characteristic, Series 209 sensors

may be susceptible to thermal drift caused by temperature

transients. These sensors are recommended for use in

temperature stable environments only.

Figure 10 - Series 209 Miniature/High Sensitivity

ICPForce Sensor

3.0 INSTALLATION

Refer to the Installation Drawing supplied with this manual for

specific outline dimensions and installation details for your

particular model. The specification is also included to provide

details of the sensor’s characteristic properties.

It is important that the surface to which each sensor is mounted

be perfectly flat to avoid flexing of the base, which could

affect sensor sensitivity and result in erroneous data (see

Figure 11). A good mating surface may be obtained by

lapping, turning, spot-facing, or surface grinding. Surface

flatness should be held to within 0.001 (TIR) over the entire

mating surface. When mounting sensors between two plates

care should be taken to assure mounting surfaces are flat and

parallel. Non-parallel surfaces could place unwanted stress on

internal components leading to premature sensor failure. The

protective cap should remain on the electrical connector during

installation to prevent connector contamination or damage.

Figure 11 - Force Sensor Installation

A light coating of silicon grease (DC-4 or equivalent) on the

mating surface enhances the coupling between the mounting

base and mounting surface and provides the best high-

frequency response.

Connect one end of the coaxial cable to the sensor connector

and the other end to the XDCR jack input on the signal

conditioner. Make sure to tighten the cable connector to the

sensor. DO NOT spin the sensor onto the cable, as this

fatigues the cable’s center pin, resulting in a signal with a

shorted output or intermittent signal and a damaged cable.

For installation in dirty, humid, or rugged environments, it is

suggested that the electrical connection be shielded against

dust or moisture with shrink tubing or other protective

material. Strain relieving the cable/sensor connection can also

prolong cable life. Mounting cables to a test structure with

tape, clamps, or adhesives minimizes cable whip. See Figure

12 for an example of a sensor installation with a securely

fastened cable.

CAUTION!

Please read all instructions before attempting to

operate this product.

Damage to built-in amplifier

due to incorrect power or misapplication is NOT

covered by warranty

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