PASCO TD-8572 Manual de usuario
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus
Introduction
II II
TheP
ASCO
TD-8572 HeatEngine/Gas
Law
Apparatus is
usedfor quantitative experirnents involving the Ideal Gas
Law
(as described below) and for investigations
of
a
work:ing heat engine. The equipment allows the amount
ofwork
done
by
thermal energy to be measured.
The heart
ofthis
apparatus is a nearly friction-free pistonl
cylinder system. The graphite piston fits snugly into a
precision-groundPyrex cylinderso thatthe system
produces almost friction-free motionandnegligible
leakage.
I
mass platform for adding
____
a load
to
do
work
....
----11
...
experiments
li
precision-borepyrex
cylinder inside a
protective plastic shield
two port shut-off
valves
~
piston-holding
thumbscrew
millimeter scale for
measuring piston
displacement
Figure
1.
Base apparatus
The HeatEngine/Gas
Law
Apparatus
is
designedwith
two pressureports with quick-connect fittings for connect-
ing to the air chamber tubing.
The apparatus can
be
connectedto a
Low
Pressure Sensor
for usewithP
ASCO
computerinterfaces.
A
Do
not apply lubricant to the piston
or
~
cylinder.
A
Do
not
immerse the base apparatus
in
liquido
A Note:
Use
onlynon-caustic/non-toxic gases
such as air
or
helium.
Equipment
I
The apparatus incIudes the following equiprnent
• base apparatus (Figure 1)
-piston diameter: 32.5
mm
±
0.1
-mass
ofpiston
andplatform: 35.0 g ± .06
air chamber (Figure 2)
3 hose configurations: onewith one-way check
valves and one with a clamp (Figure 2), and one
plainpiece
of
tubing (not shown)
1 each, one-holed and two-holedrubber stopper
one-way
check valves
pressure port mating connectors
./
tubingfor
./
connecting
chamberto
cylinder
Figure 2. Air charnber and tubing
Always release the tubing clamps prior to
storage to avoidpermanently deforming the
tubing.
A Maxirnum Pressure: 345 kPa.
II
012-060J4C Heat Engine/Gas Law Apparatus
Experiment
1:
Operation
of
a HeatEngine
EquipmentRequired: .
•
Heat
Engine/Gas
Law
Apparatas container
ofhot
water I
.container
of
ice water I
. 100
200gmass
Equiprnent Setup
(j) Using the one-holed stopper, connectthe tubing
with the one-way valves to the air chamber and
to a connecting
pon
on
the base assembly.
(lJ Closethe shut-offvalve
on
the tubing from the
ullused
porto
@ Set a mass
of
100 to 200 g
on
the mass platform.
,... Note:
Use
a
maximum
mass
of200
grams in
the experirnent. A larger mass will cause the
valve seals to leak.
Procedure
(j)
Move
the air chamber from
an
ice water bath to a
hot water bath.
You
will note that the air in the
chamberquickly expands throughthe tubing and
moves the piston up.
Note
also that the one-way
check
valve in the tubing connecting the base
apparatus and the airchamberpernuts air
to
enter
the cylinder, while the otherone-way checkvalve
prevents air from leaving through the branched
tube.
Close
lhe
shul-off
valve on
lhe
tubing from
lhe
unused
porto
direclion
of
airflow
Figure
1.1. Setup for the
Heat
Engine
Move
the air chamber
back
to the coldbath and note that externai air is sucked into the air
chamberthrough the one-way valve located at the end
of
the branched tube.
Note
also that the
one-way valve in the connecting tube prevents the air from escaping from the piston, so the
height
of
thepiston remains the same.
Repeatsteps 3
and
4 until the mass has
been
completely lifted.
,... Note:
The
greater the temperature differential
between
the hotand cold waterbaths, the
greater the lift achieved through each cycle through them.
3
---
---
----
I
012-06014C Heat Engine/Gas
Law
Apparatus
Experiment2: Charles'Law
II
EquipmentRequired:
• HeatEngine/Gas
Law
Apparatus .container
ofhot
water I
.thennometer .ice I
Theory
Charles' law states that at a constant pressure, the volume
of
a fIxed mass or quantity
of
gas varies
directly with the absolute temperature:
V=cT
(at constant P and where
Tis
expressed in degrees Kelvin)
Setup
(j)
Using the one-holed stopper andplain tubing, connect the base apparatus and the air chamber.
Ql Close the shut-offvalve
on
the tubing from the unused
porto
®
Tum
the base apparatus
on
its side. (In this position, the force acting
on
the apparatus
is
the
atmospheric pressure and is equal throughout the range
of
operation
ofthe
piston.)
Close the shut-off valve
on
lhelubing from lhe unused
porto
Add ice.
..
Do
nol allow lhe lip oflhe
lhermomeler
lo
louch lhe
botlom oflhe conlainer.
Hot
Procedure
CD
Place the air chamber in a container
of
hotwater. Afier the chamber equilibrates to the
temperature, record the temperature and the height
ofthe
piston.
Ql
Add
ice to the container and record the temperature and pressure at regular time intervals.
® Calculate the gas volumes atthe various pistonpositions
you
measured andmake a graph
of
plots
oftemperature versus volume. (Hint: The diameter
ofthe
piston
is
32.5
llli11.)
5
~
~--
--~-~
~
--~~--
~
-----~----------
012-06014C Heat EngineiGas Law Apparatus
Experiment
3:
Boy/e's
Law
EquipmentRequired:
.HeatEngine/Gas Law Apparatus .ScienceWorkshop computerinterface*
.Pressure Sensor (CI-6532)
*Fordetails on setting
up
and operating
the
Pressure SensorwithScience Workshop, please
consult the instruction sheet for the Pressure Sensor and the User's Guide for Science Workshop.
Theory
Boyle's law states that the product
of
the volume
of
a
gas
times its pressure
is
a constant at a fixed
temperature:
PV
a
Therefore, at a fixed temperature,
the
pressure will be inversely related
to
the
volume, and
the
relationship will
be
linear: a
p v
Setup
CD
With
the
platform raised
to
its
uppermost posi-
tion,
connect
the
Pressure Sensor
to
a port on
the
base apparatus with a short piece oftubing
(Figure
3.1).
Cf)
Close
the
shut-offvalve
011
the tubing from the
u11used
port.
G) Connect
the
Pressure Sensor
to
the
computer
interface and set
up
Scie11ce
Workshop
to
record
pressure. Be sure that you set
up
the
keyboard
sampling option so you can enter height data by
hand.
(Consult
the
Science Workshop User
's
Cuide, "Keyboard Sampling," for details.)
Procedure
(I) Record the height ofthe piston and
the
pressure
when the platfbrm
is
raised
to
its
highest position.
PressureSensor
Cf)
Press the platform down
to
a series oflevels and
record
the
height and pressure at each
leveI.
G) Convertthe height measurements to gas vohune Figure 3.1. Experimental setup
measurements.
(Hint:
The diameter ofthe piston
is
32.5
rum.)
® Prepare a graph
of
pressure versus volume.
to compuler inleliace Close the shut-off
valve on
lhe
lubing
from
lhe
unused
pari.
,...
Note: The relationship between pressure and volume may not be linear at pressures greater
than
120
kPa because
of
air leakage from the valves
and
ports at higher pressures.
7
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