Netscape NETSCAPE DIRECTORY SERVER 6.1 -... Manual de servicio

Administrator’s Guide

Netscape Directory Server

Version6.1

August 2002

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Contents

ListofFigures .................................................................19

ListofTables..................................................................21

Introduction ...................................................................25

DirectoryServerOverview .............................................................. 25

PrerequisiteReading ................................................................... 26

ConventionsUsedinThisBook .......................................................... 27

RelatedInformation .................................................................... 28

Part 1 AdministeringNetscapeDirectoryServer................................. 29

Chapter 1 IntroductiontoNetscapeDirectoryServer ...............................31

OverviewofDirectoryServerManagement................................................ 32

UsingtheDirectoryServerConsole....................................................... 32

StartingDirectoryServerConsole...................................................... 32

CopyingEntryDNstotheClipboard................................................... 33

ConfiguringtheDirectoryManager ...................................................... 34

BindingtotheDirectoryFromNetscapeConsole ........................................... 34

ChangingLoginIdentity ............................................................. 35

ViewingtheCurrentBindDNFromtheConsole ........................................ 35

StartingandStoppingtheDirectoryServer ................................................ 35

Starting/StoppingtheServerFromtheConsole......................................... 36

Starting/StoppingtheServerFromtheCommandLine.................................. 37

ConfiguringLDAPParameters........................................................... 37

ChangingDirectoryServerPortNumbers .............................................. 37

PlacingtheEntireDirectoryServerinRead-OnlyMode................................... 38

TrackingModificationstoDirectoryEntries............................................. 39

StartingtheServerwithSSLEnabled ..................................................... 40

4 Netscape Directory Server Administrator’s Guide • August 2002

CloningaDirectoryServer .............................................................. 41

CreatingaNewDirectoryServerInstance .............................................. 41

CloningtheDirectoryConfiguration ................................................... 42

StartingtheServerinReferralMode ...................................................... 42

UsingthereferCommand ............................................................ 43

Chapter 2 CreatingDirectoryEntries............................................ 45

ManagingEntriesFromtheDirectoryConsole ............................................. 45

CreatingaRootEntry ................................................................ 46

CreatingDirectoryEntries ............................................................ 47

CreatinganEntryUsingaPredefinedTemplate....................................... 48

CreatingOtherTypesofEntries..................................................... 48

ModifyingDirectoryEntries .......................................................... 49

DisplayingthePropertyEditor ..................................................... 50

AddinganObjectClasstoanEntry ................................................. 50

RemovinganObjectClass.......................................................... 50

AddinganAttributetoanEntry .................................................... 51

AddingAttributeValues........................................................... 51

RemovinganAttributeValue....................................................... 52

AddinganAttributeSubtype....................................................... 52

DeletingDirectoryEntries ............................................................ 54

ManagingEntriesFromtheCommandLine ............................................... 54

ProvidingInputFromtheCommandLine .............................................. 55

CreatingaRootEntryFromtheCommandLine ......................................... 56

Adding Entries Using LDIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Adding and Modifying Entries Using ldapmodify . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

AddingEntriesUsingldapmodify .................................................. 58

ModifyingEntriesUsingldapmodify ................................................ 59

DeletingEntriesUsingldapdelete ..................................................... 60

UsingSpecialCharacters ............................................................. 61

LDIFUpdateStatements ................................................................ 62

Adding an Entry Using LDIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

RenaminganEntryUsingLDIF ....................................................... 65

ANoteonRenamingEntries ....................................................... 66

ModifyinganEntryUsingLDIF ....................................................... 67

AddingAttributestoExistingEntriesUsingLDIF ..................................... 67

ChanginganAttributeValueUsingLDIF ............................................ 69

DeletingAllValuesofanAttributeUsingLDIF ....................................... 70

DeletingaSpecificAttributeValueUsingLDIF ....................................... 70

DeletinganEntryUsingLDIF......................................................... 71

ModifyinganEntryinanInternationalizedDirectory .................................... 72

MaintainingReferentialIntegrity......................................................... 72

HowReferentialIntegrityWorks ...................................................... 72

UsingReferentialIntegritywithReplication............................................. 73

ConfiguringtheSupplierServer .................................................... 74

Enabling/DisablingReferentialIntegrity ............................................... 74

FromtheDirectoryServerConsole .................................................. 74

RecordingUpdatesintheChangeLog ................................................. 75

FromtheDirectoryServerConsole .................................................. 75

ModifyingtheUpdateInterval ........................................................ 75

FromtheDirectoryServerConsole .................................................. 76

ModifyingtheAttributeList .......................................................... 76

FromtheDirectoryServerConsole .................................................. 76

Chapter 3 Configuring Directory Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

CreatingandMaintainingSuffixes........................................................ 79

CreatingSuffixes .................................................................... 80

CreatingaNewRootSuffixUsingtheConsole........................................ 82

CreatingaNewSubSuffixUsingtheConsole ........................................ 83

CreatingRootandSubSuffixesFromtheCommandLine .............................. 84

MaintainingSuffixes ................................................................. 87

UsingReferralsinaSuffix.......................................................... 87

EnablingReferralsOnlyDuringUpdateOperations ................................... 88

DisablingaSuffix ................................................................. 88

DeletingaSuffix .................................................................. 89

CreatingandMaintainingDatabases...................................................... 89

CreatingDatabases .................................................................. 90

CreatingaNewDatabaseforanExistingSuffixUsingtheConsole ...................... 92

CreatingaNewDatabaseforaSingleSuffixFromtheCommandLine ................... 92

AddingMultipleDatabasesforaSingleSuffix ........................................ 93

AddingtheCustomDistributionFunctiontoaSuffix .................................. 94

MaintainingDirectoryDatabases ...................................................... 95

PlacingaDatabaseinRead-OnlyMode .............................................. 95

DeletingaDatabase ............................................................... 96

CreatingandMaintainingDatabaseLinks ................................................. 96

ConfiguringtheChainingPolicy ...................................................... 97

ChainingComponentOperations ................................................... 97

ChainingLDAPControls ......................................................... 101

CreatingaNewDatabaseLink ....................................................... 102

CreatingaNewDatabaseLinkUsingtheConsole .................................... 103

CreatingaDatabaseLinkFromtheCommandLine .................................. 104

ChainingUsingSSL................................................................. 113

MaintainingDatabaseLinks ......................................................... 114

UpdatingRemoteServerAuthenticationInformation................................. 114

DeletingDatabaseLinks .......................................................... 114

DatabaseLinksandAccessControlEvaluation ......................................... 115

6 Netscape Directory Server Administrator’s Guide • August 2002

AdvancedFeature:TuningDatabaseLinkPerformance.................................. 116

ManagingConnectionstotheRemoteServer ........................................ 117

DetectingErrorsDuringNormalProcessing ......................................... 119

ManagingThreadedOperations ................................................... 120

AdvancedFeature:ConfiguringCascadingChaining.................................... 121

OverviewofCascadingChaining .................................................. 121

ConfiguringCascadingChainingDefaultsUsingtheConsole.......................... 124

ConfiguringCascadingChainingUsingtheConsole.................................. 125

ConfiguringCascadingChainingFromtheCommandLine ........................... 126

SummaryofCascadingChainingConfigurationAttributes............................ 129

CascadingChainingConfigurationExample ........................................ 129

ConfiguringServerOne .......................................................... 130

ConfiguringServerTwo .......................................................... 132

ConfiguringServerThree ......................................................... 134

UsingReferrals ....................................................................... 136

SettingDefaultReferrals............................................................. 136

SettingaDefaultReferralUsingtheConsole......................................... 136

SettingaDefaultReferralFromtheCommandLine .................................. 137

CreatingSmartReferrals ............................................................ 137

CreatingSmartReferralsUsingtheDirectoryServerConsole .......................... 138

CreatingSmartReferralsFromtheCommandLine ................................... 139

CreatingSuffixReferrals ............................................................ 140

CreatingSuffixReferralsUsingtheConsole ......................................... 140

CreatingSuffixReferralsFromtheCommandLine ................................... 140

Chapter 4 PopulatingDirectoryDatabases...................................... 143

ImportingData ....................................................................... 143

PerforminganImportFromtheConsole............................................... 144

InitializingaDatabaseFromtheConsole .............................................. 146

ImportingFromtheCommandLine .................................................. 147

Importing Using the ldif2db Command-Line Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Importing Using the ldif2db.pl Perl Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Importing Using the ldif2ldap Command-Line Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

ExportingData ....................................................................... 150

ExportingDirectoryDatatoLDIFUsingtheConsole .................................... 151

ExportingaSingleDatabasetoLDIFUsingtheConsole ................................. 152

ExportingtoLDIFFromtheCommandLine ........................................... 153

BackingUpandRestoringData ......................................................... 154

BackingUpAllDatabases ........................................................... 154

BackingUpAllDatabasesFromtheServerConsole .................................. 155

BackingUpAllDatabasesFromtheCommandLine.................................. 155

BackingUpaSingleDatabase ........................................................ 156

BackingUpthedse.ldifConfigurationFile ............................................. 156

RestoringAllDatabases ............................................................. 157

RestoringAllDatabasesfromtheConsole........................................... 157

RestoringYourDatabaseFromtheCommandLine................................... 158

RestoringaSingleDatabase.......................................................... 159

RestoringDatabasesthatIncludeReplicatedEntries..................................... 159

Restoringthedse.ldifConfigurationFile............................................... 160

EnablingandDisablingRead-OnlyMode ................................................ 161

EnablingRead-OnlyMode........................................................... 161

DisablingRead-OnlyMode .......................................................... 161

Chapter 5 AdvancedEntryManagement.........................................163

UsingGroups......................................................................... 163

ManagingStaticGroups............................................................. 164

AddingaNewStaticGroup ....................................................... 164

ModifyingaStaticGroup ......................................................... 165

ManagingDynamicGroups.......................................................... 165

AddingaNewDynamicGroup.................................................... 165

ModifyingaDynamicGroup ...................................................... 165

UsingRoles .......................................................................... 166

AboutRoles ....................................................................... 166

ManagingRolesUsingtheConsole ................................................... 167

CreatingaManagedRole ......................................................... 168

CreatingaFilteredRole........................................................... 169

CreatingaNestedRole ........................................................... 169

Viewing and Editing an Entry’s Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

ModifyingaRoleEntry ........................................................... 171

MakingaRoleInactive ........................................................... 171

ReactivatingaRole............................................................... 171

DeletingaRole .................................................................. 172

ManagingRolesUsingtheCommandLine............................................. 172

Examples:ManagedRoleDefinition................................................ 173

Example:FilteredRoleDefinition .................................................. 174

Example:NestedRoleDefinition................................................... 175

UsingRolesSecurely................................................................ 175

AssigningClassofService.............................................................. 176

AboutCoS......................................................................... 177

AbouttheCoSDefinitionEntry.................................................... 177

AbouttheCoSTemplateEntry .................................................... 178

HowaPointerCoSWorks ........................................................ 179

HowanIndirectCoSWorks....................................................... 179

HowaClassicCoSWorks......................................................... 180

ManagingCoSUsingtheConsole..................................................... 181

CreatingaNewCoS.............................................................. 181

8 Netscape Directory Server Administrator’s Guide • August 2002

EditinganExistingCoS........................................................... 183

DeletingaCoS................................................................... 183

ManagingCoSFromtheCommandLine .............................................. 184

CreatingtheCoSDefinitionEntryFromtheCommandLine ........................... 184

CreatingtheCoSTemplateEntryFromtheCommandLine............................ 187

ExampleofaPointerCoS ......................................................... 188

ExampleofanIndirectCoS........................................................ 189

ExampleofaClassicCoS ......................................................... 190

CreatingRole-BasedAttributes....................................................... 191

AccessControlandCoS ............................................................. 192

Chapter 6 Managing Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

AccessControlPrinciples .............................................................. 194

ACIStructure ...................................................................... 194

ACIPlacement ..................................................................... 195

ACIEvaluation..................................................................... 195

ACILimitations .................................................................... 196

DefaultACIs ......................................................................... 197

CreatingACIsManually ............................................................... 198

TheACISyntax .................................................................... 198

ExampleACI.................................................................... 199

DefiningTargets ................................................................... 199

TargetingaDirectoryEntry ....................................................... 201

TargetingAttributes.............................................................. 203

TargetingBothanEntryandAttributes ............................................. 204

TargetingEntriesorAttributesUsingLDAPFilters................................... 204

TargetingAttributeValuesUsingLDAPFilters ...................................... 205

TargetingaSingleDirectoryEntry ................................................. 206

DefiningPermissions ............................................................... 207

AllowingorDenyingAccess ...................................................... 207

AssigningRights................................................................. 207

RightsRequiredforLDAPOperations .............................................. 209

PermissionsSyntax .............................................................. 210

BindRules ........................................................................... 210

BindRuleSyntax ................................................................... 211

DefiningUserAccess-userdnKeyword............................................... 213

AnonymousAccess(anyoneKeyword) ............................................. 213

GeneralAccess(allKeyword) ..................................................... 213

SelfAccess(selfKeyword) ........................................................ 214

ParentAccess(parentKeyword) ................................................... 214

LDAPURLs..................................................................... 214

Wildcards....................................................................... 214

Examples ....................................................................... 214

DefiningGroupAccess-groupdnKeyword ........................................... 216

Examples ....................................................................... 217

DefiningRoleAccess-rolednKeyword ............................................... 217

DefiningAccessBasedonValueMatching ............................................. 218

UsingtheuserattrKeyword ....................................................... 218

UsingtheuserattrKeywordWithInheritance........................................ 221

GrantingAddPermissionUsingtheuserattrKeyword................................ 223

DefiningAccessFromaSpecificIPAddress............................................ 224

DefiningAccessfromaSpecificDomain............................................... 224

DefiningAccessataSpecificTimeofDayorDayofWeek ............................... 225

Examples ....................................................................... 226

DefiningAccessBasedonAuthenticationMethod ...................................... 227

Examples ....................................................................... 227

UsingBooleanBindRules ........................................................... 228

CreatingACIsFromtheConsole ........................................................ 229

DisplayingtheAccessControlEditor ................................................. 230

ViewingCurrentACIs .............................................................. 231

CreatingaNewACI ................................................................ 232

EditinganACI ..................................................................... 233

DeletinganACI .................................................................... 234

AccessControlUsageExamples......................................................... 234

GrantingAnonymousAccess...................................................... 235

GrantingWriteAccesstoPersonalEntries........................................... 237

RestrictingAccesstoKeyRoles .................................................... 241

GrantingaGroupFullAccesstoaSuffix ............................................ 242

GrantingRightstoAddandDeleteGroupEntries.................................... 243

GrantingConditionalAccesstoaGrouporRole ..................................... 246

DenyingAccess.................................................................. 248

SettingaTargetUsingFiltering .................................................... 251

AllowingUserstoAddorRemoveThemselvesFromaGroup ......................... 251

DefiningPermissionsforDNsThatContainaComma................................... 252

ProxiedAuthorizationACIExample .................................................. 253

ViewingtheACIsforanEntry .......................................................... 254

AdvancedAccessControl:UsingMacroACIs............................................. 254

MacroACIExample ................................................................ 255

MacroACISyntax .................................................................. 257

MacroMatchingfor($dn)......................................................... 258

MacroMatchingfor[$dn]......................................................... 259

Macro Matching for ($attr.attrName)................................................ 260

AccessControlandReplication ......................................................... 261

LoggingAccessControlInformation..................................................... 261

CompatibilitywithEarlierReleases...................................................... 262

10 Netscape Directory Server Administrator’s Guide • August 2002

Chapter 7 UserAccountManagement.......................................... 263

ManagingthePasswordPolicy.......................................................... 263

ConfiguringthePasswordPolicy ..................................................... 264

ConfiguringthePasswordPolicyUsingtheConsole.................................. 264

ConfiguringthePasswordPolicyUsingtheCommand-Line ........................... 266

SettingUserPasswords ............................................................. 268

ConfiguringtheAccountLockoutPolicy .............................................. 269

ConfiguringtheAccountLockoutPolicyUsingtheConsole ........................... 269

ConfiguringtheAccountLockoutPolicyUsingtheCommandLine .................... 270

ManagingthePasswordPolicyinaReplicatedEnvironment ............................. 271

InactivatingUsersandRoles............................................................ 272

InactivatingUserandRolesUsingtheConsole ......................................... 273

InactivatingUserandRolesUsingtheCommandLine .................................. 273

ActivatingUserandRolesUsingtheConsole .......................................... 274

ActivatingUserandRolesUsingtheCommandLine.................................... 275

SettingResourceLimitsBasedontheBindDN ............................................ 275

SettingResourceLimitsUsingtheConsole............................................. 276

SettingResourceLimitsUsingtheCommandLine ...................................... 276

Chapter 8 Managing Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

ReplicationOverview.................................................................. 280

Read-WriteReplica/Read-OnlyReplica ............................................... 280

Supplier/Consumer ................................................................ 280

ChangeLog........................................................................ 281

UnitofReplication.................................................................. 281

ReplicationIdentity................................................................. 282

ReplicationAgreement .............................................................. 283

Compatibility with Earlier Versions of Directory Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

ReplicationScenarios .................................................................. 284

Single-MasterReplication............................................................ 284

Multi-MasterReplication ............................................................ 285

CascadingReplication............................................................... 287

SummaryofStepsforComplexReplicationConfigurations................................. 289

DetailedReplicationTasks ............................................................. 290

CreatingtheSupplierBindDNEntry ................................................. 290

ConfiguringSupplierSettings ........................................................ 291

ConfiguringaRead-WriteReplica .................................................... 292

ConfiguringaRead-OnlyReplica..................................................... 293

ConfiguringaHubSupplier ......................................................... 294

CreatingaReplicationAgreement .................................................... 295

ConfiguringSingle-MasterReplication................................................... 296

ConfiguringtheRead-OnlyReplicaontheConsumerServer ............................. 296

ConfiguringtheRead-WriteReplicaontheSupplierServer .............................. 298

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