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Arc de Triomphe

Paris, France

21036

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Arc deTriomphe

Located at the western end of the Champs-Élysées, the

iconic Arc de Triomphe stands at the center of the Place

Charles de Gaulle, also known as the “Place de l’Étoile”.

It was built between 1806 and 1836 in honor of those who

had fought for France and is considered the linchpin of the

historic axis (L’Axe historique) – a sequence of monuments

and grand thoroughfares on a route that stretches from the

courtyard of the Louvre Palace to the outskirts of Paris.

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Then and now

Commissioned by Napoléon I to commemorate his military

conquests, the Arc de Triomphe was the world’s largest

triumphal arch when it was ﬁnally completed in 1836. Architect

Jean François Thérèse Chalgrin’s creation is twice the size

of the ancient Roman Arch of Constantine after which it is

modeled. Work on the Arch stopped when Napoléon was

defeated in 1814, but started up again in 1833 in the name

of King Louis-Philippe I, who dedicated it to the glory of the

French armed forces.

Seen as an emblem of French patriotism, the Arc de Triomphe

is engraved with the names of war victories and 558 generals

(those who died at war are underlined). An Unknown Soldier is

buried under the arch and an eternal ﬂame of remembrance,

lit since 1920, commemorates victims of the world wars.

Each of the Arc’s pillars is adorned with one of four large

sculptural reliefs: The Departure of the Volunteers in 1792

(aka La Marseillaise), Napoléon’s Triumph of 1810, Resistance

of 1814 and Peace of 1815. The simple design and immense

size of the Arc de Triomphe are typical of late 18th-century

romantic neoclassicism.

The observation deck at the top of the Arch still oﬀers some

of the best views in Paris. At the summit of 284 steps, you can

see much of the city and take in the spectacular panoramas

of La Défense, the Champs Elysées and the Sacré Coeur.

On national holidays like Armistice Day and Bastille Day, the

decorated Arc de Triomphe always features at the beginning

or end of the parade or celebration.

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The architects and design history

In March 1806, architect Jean-Francois-Therese Chalgrin

(1739-1811) was given the task of ﬁnding the best possible

location for a “triumphal arch” in Paris. He studied several

diﬀerent options and on May 9th, Napoleon agreed to the

site: Place de l’Etoile.

Chalgrin was then tasked with designing and constructing

the Arch itself, and on August 15th, 1806 the ﬁrst stone was

laid to coincide with Napoleon’s birthday. Chalgrin was able

to see his drawings brought to life when a wood and painted

canvas replica of the Arch was constructed exactly the same

as it was to be built. This allowed the architect to make some

last minute changes after seeing what it would look like.

After the unfortunate death of Chalgrin in 1811, the work was

taken over by Louis-Robert Goust (1762-1838) who had been a

pupil of Chalgrin. The construction of the arch was disrupted

and eventually halted in April 1814 by the defeat of Napoleon

and subsequent decades of political turmoil. In 1832 the

architect Guillaume-Abel Blouet (1795-1853) took over the

project and the Arch was eventually completed in 1836. Blouet

is the architect actually credited on the monument itself.

While the Neoclassical version of ancient Roman architecture

was Chalgrin’s design, the main sculptures, treated as

independent trophies applied to the vast masonry ediﬁce,

were created by many of the most renowned French artists of

the day such as Jean-Pierre Cordot, François Rude, Antoine

Étex, James Pradier and Philippe Lemaire.

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Location: ....................................................... Paris, France

Construction Period: ........................ 1806 to 1836

Architectural Style: ............................. 19th century Neo-Classical

Dimensions: .............................................. 162 ft. (49.5 m) tall,

150 ft. (45 m) wide and

72 ft. (22 m) deep

Construction Materials: ................. White Limestone

Facts

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