LEGO 21031 Manual de usuario

21031

Burj Khalifa

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Dubaï, Émirats arabes unis

Dubái (Emiratos Árabes Unidos)

BurjKhalifa

Described as both a ‘Vertical City’ and ‘A Living Wonder’, Burj Khalifa,

at the heart of downtown Dubai, is also the world’s tallest building.

Developed by Dubai-based Emaar Properties PJSC, Burj Khalifa rises

gracefully from the desert and honors the city with its extraordinary

union of art, engineering and meticulous craftsmanship.

At 2,716.5 ft. (828 m), the equivalent of a 200-story building, Burj Khalifa

has 160 habitable levels, the most of any building in the world. The

tower was inaugurated on January 4, 2010, to coincide with the fourth

anniversary of the Accession Day of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed

Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE

and Ruler of Dubai.

Arguably the world’s most interesting construction project, Burj Khalifa

is responsible for a number of world ﬁrsts. The tower became the

world’s tallest man-made structure just 1,325 days after excavation

work started in January 2004.

©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

Burj Khalifa utilized a record-breaking 430,000 cubic yds. (330,000 m

)

of concrete; 42,990 tons (39,000 metric tons) of steel reinforcement;

1.1 million sq. ft. (103,000 m2) of glass; and 167,000 sq. ft. (15,500 m2) of

embossed stainless steel. The tower took 22 million man-hours to build.

With a total built-up area of 5.67 million sq. ft. (526,000 m2), Burj Khalifa

features 1.85 million sq. ft. (170,000 m

) of residential space, over 300,000

sq. ft. (28,000 m2) of oﬃce space, with the remaining area occupied by

a luxury hotel. In 2003, as a result of an international design

competition, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM) was selected from

a group of ﬁve international competitors to carry out the architecture

and engineering of the Burj Khalifa.

With famous architecture in the Haj Terminal at Jeddah Airport and

National Commercial Bank, SOM is no stranger to Middle Eastern

design. SOM incorporated patterns and elements from traditional Islamic

architecture, but the most inspiring muse was a regional desert ﬂower,

the Hymenocallis, whose harmonious structure is one of the organizing

principles of the tower’s design. Three ‘petals’ are arranged in a triangular

©EmaarPropertiesPJSC ©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

shape and uniﬁed at the center, and instead of repeated identical

patterns, the architectural plan appoints successively receding and

rotated stories.

The Y-shaped plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings

allowing maximum outward views and inward natural light. Viewed from

above or from the base, the tips of the Y-shaped plan evoke the onion

domes of Islamic architecture. During the design process, engineers

rotated the building 120 degrees from its original layout to reduce

stress from prevailing winds.

Architecturally, the building transforms itself from a solid base expression

to a vertically expressed middle section of polished stainless steel,

projected metal ﬁns, and glass. Only vertical elements were used here,

as the ﬁne dust in Dubai’s air would build up on any horizontal projecting

elements.

DESERT FLOWER

DOME SHAPE

©EmaarPropertiesPJSC©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

With the design and engineering of Burj Khalifa, Skidmore, Owings &

Merrill LLP (SOM) joined forces with Dubai based developers Emaar

Properties PJSC, to redeﬁne what was possible with supertall buildings.

With a portfolio that includes some of the most important architectural

accomplishments of the 20th and 21st centuries, including the John

Hancock Center and Willis (formerly Sears) Tower, SOM was perfectly

placed to carry out this challenging task.

To create Burj Khalifa—a building that shatters all previous height records

at 2,716.5 ft. (828 m)—a team of more than 90 designers and engineers

combined cutting edge technology and culturally-inﬂuenced design to

create a global icon that will serve as a model for future urban centers.

TheArchitects

©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

ConstructionHighlights

Burj Khalifa is truly the product of international collaboration; over 60

consultants including 30 on-site contracting companies from around

the world were involved in the project.

At the peak of construction, over 12,000 professionals and skilled

workers from more than 100 countries were on site every day. The

world’s fastest high-capacity construction hoists, with a speed of up

to 6.5 ft./sec (2 m/sec or 120 m/min), were used to move men and

materials.

Over 1.59 million cubic ft. (45,000 m3) of

concrete, weighing more than 121,254

tons (110,000 metric tons), were used

to construct the concrete and steel

foundations, which feature 192 piles,

buried more than 164 ft. (50 m) deep.

Burj Khalifa employs a record-breaking

11.6 million cubic ft. (330,000 m

) of

concrete; 42,990 tons (39,000 metric

tons) of reinforced steel; 1.1 million sq.

ft. (103,000 m

) of glass; 166,800 sq. ft.

(15,500 m2) of embossed stainless steel;

and the tower took 22 million man-hours

to build. The amount of reinforced steel

used at the tower would, if laid end to

end, extend over a quarter of the way

around the world. The concrete used

is equivalent to a sidewalk 1,200 miles

(1,900 km) in length, and the weight of

110,000 elephants. The weight of the

empty building is 551,156 tons (500,000

metric tons).

The tower accomplished a world record for the highest installation of

an aluminum and glass facade, at a height of 1,679.8 ft. (512 m). The

total weight of aluminum used on Burj Khalifa is equivalent to that

of ﬁve A380 aircraft, and the total length of stainless steel ‘bull nose’

ﬁns is 293 times the height of the Eiﬀel Tower in Paris.

©Emaar Properties PJSC

FactsaboutBurjKhalifa

Location:.......................... Downtown Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Architect:.......................... Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM)

Building type: ............... Supertall skyscraper

Materials:......................... Reﬂective glazing, aluminum

and textured stainless steel

Construction:................ Reinforced concrete and steel

Date: ................................... From 2004 to 2010

Floor area: ....................... 5.67 million sq. ft. (464,511 m2)

Height:............................... 2,716.5 ft. (828 m)

Stories:.............................. 160+ stories

©EmaarPropertiesPJSC

BurjKhalifa

Décrite à la fois comme une « ville à la verticale » et une « merveille

vivante », la tour Burj Khalifa, située au cœur du quartier commerçant

de Dubaï, est également la plus haute du monde.

Construite par Emaar Properties PJSC, une société immobilière basée

à Dubaï, cette tour, qui combine majestueusement art, ingénierie et

savoir-faire de grande qualité, s’élève gracieusement au cœur du

désert et fait honneur à la ville.

Culminant à 828 mètres, soit l’équivalent d’un bâtiment de 200 étages,

la Burj Khalifa compte 160 étages habitables, soit le plus grand nombre

parmi tous les gratte-ciel du monde. La tour a été inaugurée le 4 janvier

2010, date du 4eanniversaire de prise de fonction de Son Altesse Sheikh

Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, vice-président et premier ministre

des Émirats arabes unis et gouverneur de Dubaï.

La tour Burj Khalifa, que l’on pourrait qualiﬁer de projet de construction

le plus intéressant du monde, a donné lieu à un grand nombre de

premières. La tour est devenue la plus haute structure au monde

réalisée par l’homme, seulement 1 325 jours après le début des travaux

de terrassement, en janvier 2004.

Otros manuales de Juguete de LEGO

LEGO

LEGO City 3661 Manual de instrucciones

LEGO

LEGO TECHNIC 42043 Manual de instrucciones

LEGO

LEGO FRIENDS 41135 Manual de instrucciones

LEGO

LEGO 4201 CiTY Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO 7498 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO SPIDER-MAN 10608 Manual de instrucciones

LEGO

LEGO MINECRAFT 21117 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO STAR WARS 10240 Manual de instrucciones

LEGO

LEGO 75095 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO 4628 Manual de instrucciones

LEGO

LEGO Architecture 21014 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO ultra agents 70160 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO THE LEGO MOVIE Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO Spider-Man 4192059 Manual de instrucciones

LEGO

LEGO Lord Of The Rings 79005 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO Empire State Building Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO Creator 31031 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO Nexo Nights 70321 Instrucciones de operación

LEGO

LEGO 10229 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO 75105 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO Animal Allies Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO nexo knights 70361 Manual de usuario

LEGO

LEGO 70404 Manual de instrucciones

LEGO

LEGO 10020 Santa Fe EMD F7 Manual de usuario

Manuales populares de Juguete de otras marcas

marklin

marklin 37321 Manual de usuario

Canon

Canon PAPER CRAFT Manual de usuario

GREAT PLANES

GREAT PLANES Pitts M-12S Manual de usuario

NOCH

NOCH 14261 Manual de usuario

Hausler

Hausler 450 SE V2 Manual de usuario

Dynaflite

Dynaflite Daydream Manual de usuario

MiniacRC

MiniacRC MIGHTY MINI P40 WARHAWK Manual

Kenner

Kenner Batman 63651 Manual de usuario

iKarus

iKarus ECO 8 Manual de usuario

Multiplex

Multiplex EasyStar II Manual de instrucciones

Walkera

Walkera 38 Manual de instrucciones

Hasbro

Hasbro TRANSFORMERS BUMBLEBEE Manual de usuario

MD MXION SWD Manual de usuario

Mattel

Mattel Disney Pixar Cars Cozy Cone Spiral Rampway Manual de usuario

marklin

marklin 39671 Manual de usuario

Meccano

Meccano 15103 Manual de usuario

Mattel

Mattel HOTWHEELS DWL04 Manual de usuario

REVELL

REVELL Bristol Beaufighter TF.X Manual de usuario