Hercules Computer Technology GB 100 Manual de usuario

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What

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Hercu

les Graphics Card? 1

Inventory

Checklist 1

How to install the Graphics Card 2

The Graphics Card's "Software Switch" 3

HBASIC 5

r Ad

nced Users

Configuring the Graphics Card 8

bJj Programming 9

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Interfacing

the

Graphics

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Display Interface 9

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A Appendix

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3 Application Notes

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Edition 2.0

Here

mputerThchnology.

mak

eve

ry effo

ta ens

e t

hat

these d

ents

e a

urate.

Howeve

because we

e always striving to improve

our

oducts,

e unable

guarant

the

uracy of the contents of these documents after the

date

of publication ami we

im Iiability for

any changes. eITors or o

ssions.

No reproduction o

fthi

s d

urn

ent. in any form, is allowed without the ex

ess

....

'lit

ten penni

ion of

Hereules Computer Techno

gy.

1984

. Here

es Computer

ehnology. In

All

rights ,-ese

ed.

Here

es Graphies Card. HBASIC ami Graph X

trad

emarks of Hereules

mputer

ehnology.

IBM

is a registered

trad

emark of

Int

ernational

ess

chines.

the USA

Getting

Started

What

the

Hercules

Graphics

Card?

The Hercules Graphics Card is a high resolution graphics card for

the

IBM PC

monochrome display.

replaces the IBM monochrome display/

printer

adapter

and

compatible with its software. The Graphics Card uses

the

same style

high resolution monochrome character s

and comes with a parallel

printer

interface.

The Hercules Graphics Card offers two graphics pages each with aresolution

720h

348v.

Software supplied with the Graphics Card allows the use of the

BASIC graphics commands. A variety of graphics applications software

compatible with

the

Hercules Card

available from

other

vendors.

Inventory

Checklist

Verify

that

you have received the following items:

1 Graphics Card

1 owner's manual

1 HBASIC diskette

Please

fill

out the user registration card and

return

it to

uso

You

will receive

our newsletter and important product information for Graphics Cards users.

you did not receive a user registration card, then send us a postcard with

your name, address, Graphics Card serial number (which

stamped on

the

product), and

the

name ofyour dealer.

strongly urge you to read this manual before you

attempt

to insta

operate

the

Hercules Graphics Card.

(You

may skip

Chapter

2.)

Ifyou

en-

counter any problems when using the Graphics Card, consult Appendix 1

before contacting your dealer

uso

Getting

Started

How

Install

the

Graphics

Card

A Follow these steps to insta

the Graphics Card :

1 Remove the system unit cover following the

structions

in IBM

documentation or consult your dealer ifnecessary.

Make sure

that

the IBM Monochrome Display/

Printer

Adapter

any other video board

that

uses the same

screen buff

memory map is not

one ofthe expansion

slots.

Locate an empty expansion slot and ensure

that

there

ill

be enough clearance under the Graphies Card onee

installed.

(We

recommend sl

2 in the PC

anel

slot 1

the

XT.)

Remove the metal plate

the back panel ofthe system

unit opposite the slot you have chosen for the Graphics

Card.

Firmly insert the Graphics Card into the slot.

Replace the bracket screw to sec

e the card.

Set the switch settings

the motherboa

rel

for the Mono-

chrome Display or more than one monitor.

(Do

not count

the 64K

reen buffer

the Graphics Card when

sett

the switehes for system memory.)

Make s

that

there

other card in the system with

the same parallel

printer

port identity LPT1:.

your system is not an IBM PC,

nsult the manual

anel

contact the factory

case ofany diffieulties.

Run the Diagnosties program.

Import

ant:

fyou

have a Hereules Graphics Card with the

model

number

GB100

stamped on the board, refer

Appen-

dix

before running the Diagnostics program.

Getting

Started

The Graphics Card's

"Software

Switch"

The Hercules Graphics Card model number

101

comes equipped with a

"software switch." The purpose of this switch is to allow you to manipulate the

Graphics Card with software to select one of

three

operating configurations.

Pay special

attent

to the information

s section

setting the "software

switch." This is something

that

needs to be done EACH TIME

THE

COM-

PUTER

POWERS

if you want to access either one

01'

both "pages" of

graphics

reen buffer memory.

you forget to

set

the card into half

01'

full

mod

e, and you

attempt

to run any graphics software, your system

will

prob-

ably c

sh.

this happens,

a "soft boot"

(CTRL-ALT-DEL)

or power up again.

The DIAG configuration is the

sta

which the card is automatically

after

power up. In this

nfiguration, the graphics capabilities

are

masked, a

e Graphics Card emulates an IBM monochrome board for

text

only.

graphics software may be run while

this mod

The

HALF

nfiguration makes the

fir

graphics page located

BOOOO-

B7FFF

accessible to graphics software. The seco

graphics page

cated

000

BFFFF

is suppressed allowing the

ese

e of other video cards

provided

that

their

reen buffer does not

occ

upy any portion of the first

graphics page. (This configuration allows the presence of an IBM

lor Card

in the system

the same time as the Hercules Graphics Card.)

The

FULL

configuration makes the first and seco

graphics pages access-

ible to graphies software.

A Fo

these steps to select one of the t

ee eonfigurations:

1 'Ib select the DIAG

nfigur

ion

, type

HGC

DIAG

NTER]

with the HBASIC

skette

in drive

Alternatively, while

BASICA (not HBASIC), type

OUT

&H3BF,O

Note

SYSTEM

On power up, the Graphics Card will

the

DIAG corifiguration. Remember that

is necessary

the DIAG con,tiguration before attempting

run

the Diagnostic Program. However, this is

probably the only occasion you'll want

this

mode.

1 Getting Started

select the

HALF

configuration, type

HGC

HAL

ENTER]

Alternatively, while

BASICA (not HBASIC), type

OUT

&H3B

F,1

SYSTEM

Note

is necessary

the

HALF

corifiguration

you ha

Color Graphics Adapter

your

system and you wish

run

graphics software

utilizing thefirst graphics pag

(1-2-3 and Auto-

Cad require the

FULL

configuration.)

select the

FULL

configuration, type

HGC

ULL

[ENTER]

Alternatively, while

BASICA (not HBASIC), type

OUT

&H3BF,3

Note

SYSTEM

is necessary

FULL

configuration before

running

most graphics software, including Lotus

-2-3

and HBASIC. You

may

consider this

the normal operating conJiguration

the Graphics

Card.

efi

on the

HBASIC

diskette

HGC.EXE

is the.

file

that is accessed when you issue the

configuration command (e.g.

HGC

L).

We recom-

mend

that you copy this file onto a system diskette

that you power

with.

DOS allows you

create a special batchfile

(AUTOEXEC

.BAT) which is executed automati-

cally when the system boots or re

boot

You

may

.find that it is best

include the

cO'Y(figuration

command

(HGC

FULL)

such

AUTOEXEC

BAT

file on your system diskette. (Make sure that

HGC.

EXE

is also on this diskette.)

Before setting the "software switch," confirm that

the program you wish

run

is compatible with the

Hercules Graphics Card.

)

1 Getting Started

HBASIC

HBASIC allows you to use BASICA's graphics commands with the Hercules

Graphics Card. (The BASIC commands

that

not require the IBM Color

Card

will

work without HBASIC

the Hercules Graphics Care!.)

use HBASIC, follow these steps:

Put

the HBASIC diskette

drive B.

(We

suggest

that

you

write-protect your HBASIC diskette,)

'lYpe

DIR

[ENTER]

.Verify

that

these

files

are

your

HBASIC diskette:

HGC

EXE

FIXD

EXE

HBASIC

.EX

HBASIC1

EXE

PATIERN

BAS

FONHOM

Copy the files

the HBASIC diskette onto your diskette or

hard

disko

this, with the HBASIC diskette in drive B

and your diskette or hard disk

the default drive other than

drive

type

COPY

[ENTER]

run HBASIC, make sure

that

BASICA.COM from the

IBM DOS diskette

also

the default drive, and make

sure

that

you have configured the Hercules card into its full

mode. Then type

HBASIC

[

ENTER]

(for DOS 2,0 or 2,1)

HBASICl

[ENTER]

(for

DOS

1.1

)

You

can run HBASIC and HBASIC1 from any drive pro-

vided BASICA,COM

the default drive.

You

should

now

see the BASIC copyright

statement

and the

BASIC prompt, "

OK".

suggest

that

you run PATTERN.

BAS when you

are

HBASIC to verify

that

HBASIC is

operating properly.

Getting Started

6 For advanced users: HBASIC version 2.1 supports

the

extended

character

set

(character codes

128

255)

provided

that

the

font has been loaded prior to the execution of

HBASIC. 'Ib load the font,

type

FONT

[ENTER]

While

HBASIC, you can key

these

extended charac-

ters

by holding down the [

ALT

] key while keying

the

decimal value of the code on

the

numeric keypad. In an

HBASIC program, you can invoke these characters by using

the

CHR$(

)function.

For

example,

CHR$(133)

will

invoke

"a".

HBASIC

FEATURES

1 HBASIC will not accept the following

statements:

COLOR

SCREEN

WIDTH

HBASIC uses a character size of9 dots wide by

dots

tall.

BASICA

uses a character size of8 x 8 dots. Be

aware

ofthis difference when converting screen positions from

rows and columns

x,y coordinates.

When you embed color specifications in a BASIC

state-

ment,

they

will be

interpreted

modulo

This means

that

ifyour color specification is 2in a

ClRC

statement,

then

the circle will be drawn black.

For

example:

CIRCLE(360

174)

100,2"

2/3

4 The range ofvalues ofthe screen coordinates

are

0-719

horizontal from left to right, and 0-347 vertical from top

to bottom.

5 The monochrome display has an aspect ratio of2/

Embed

this

a CI

RCLE

statement

draw

a round circle (see

step

3.)

Also, to

draw

a square, make

the

verticallines 2/3 as long

as the horizontallines.

1 Getting Started

HBASIC

interprets

slower than BASICA, so timing loops

will take longer to run.

Many people find

helpful to know the sequence of

steps

HBASIC goes through.

After

you type

HBASIC

(or

HBASIC1

you

are

using DOS 1.1)

the

HBASIC program will load

BASICA.COM from the default drive, make some changes

the

graphics routines in BASICA,

set

the

screen mode to

SCREEN

2(also known as hi-res mode), and then

enter

the

modified

BASICA

As HBASIC

runs

hi-res mode,

not use

SCREEN

0or

SCREEN

statements.

They will

put

you back in

either

text

lo-res mode, which HBASIC is not designed to

run

in.

'Ib edit

BASIC

programs

written

for the IBM color card:

a Change

SCREEN

0and

SCREEN

statements

SCREEN

Eliminate the

COLOR

statements

Change all WI

DTH

statements

WIDTH

Change the aspect ratios to 2/3

Change the x/y coordinates to compensate for the

larger

monochrome screen.

2 For Advanced Users

Configuring

the

raphi

The Graphics Card uses 64K ofthe

128K

IBM

set

aside as the PC's video

buffer. This 64K buffer

divided into two approximately 32K buffers for

each ofthe two graphics pages.

The

printer

connected to the Graphics Ca

will

serve as the system's primary

printing device (i.e. as LPT1: in DOS terminology). Any parallel port

printer

or plotter can be used with the Graphics Card, although the operation of those

printers will vary with

their

control codes.

Display Buffer

Page 0 =

BOOOO-B7FFF

(32K bytes)

Page 1 =

B8000-BFFFF

(32K

bytes)

Inpu

t/O

utput

Ports

(Out)

03B4

6845

Index Register

(In/Out) 03B5 =

6845

Data Register

(Out) 03B8 = Display

Mode

Ctri

Port

(Out) 03B9 =

Set

Pen Flip Flop

(In) 03BA = Display

Stat

Port

(Out) 03BB = Reset

Pen Flip Flop

(In

Out)

03BC =

Printer

Data

Port

(In) 03BD =

Printer

Status

Port

(InIOut) 03BE =

Printer

Control

Port

(Out)** 03BF =

nfiguration Switch

*Non DMA only

**Model number

GB101

has Page 1 masked off until the

Configuration Switch (03BF)

properly

set

by software.

See section entitled "Programming" for details.

Int

errupt

Requests

IRQ7 This

interrupt

is generated when

the

printer

acknow

edges data.

is normally masked off until enabled via the

Printer

Control

Port

(03BE).

Logical Devices Id

entit

ies

Display = CON: (Monochrome Display)

Printer

LPTl:

2 For Advanced Users

Programming

The Graphics Card is a powerful too\. Exercise caution when programming

it until

u are familiar with

its

features.

is possible to damage the monitor

with improper programming.

Pay

particular attention to the warning in the

sections entitled "Display Mode Control

Port"

and "Configuration Switch."

A Interfacing the Graphics Card

1 Display Interface

Interface to

the

monochrome display

done via the follow-

ing input/output ports which are discussed in detail below:

6845

Index Regi

ste

03B5

6845

Data Register

03B8 Display Mode Control

Port

03BA Display Status

Port

6845

Index and

Data

Registers

(03B4

03B5)

The

6845

controls the frequencies for the mono-

chrome display and the width and height of the

screen. There are

parameters

that

govern the

display. They

are

loaded into the

6845

one by one

via a single input/output port. Another output

port

is used to specify which parameter will be

loaded next. These two ports

are

said to be inter-

facing with the

6845

Data and Index Registers

respectively.

Description of

Parameters

Index Data

o Total characters

per

row inc\uding SYNC

less

1 Number of visible cha

cters

per

row.

2 Position ofthe first character during

SYNC, less

3 Number of characters during SYNC

per

row

less

4 Number

ofrows

less 1, inc\uding the row

during vertical retrace.

5 Number of scans (row fractions) in addi-

tion to total number ofrows. (See index

above.)

2 For Advanced Users

Number

ofvisible rows.

7 Row

number

to begin

the

retrace,

less

(This will always last

scans.)

8 Always

output

(Consult 6845

data

sheet.)

Number

ofscans

per

row, less

First

scan

where

the

cursor will overlay a

character.

Last

scan where

the

cursor

will overlay a

character.

Always

output

(Consult 6845

data

sheet.)

Always

output

(Consult 6845

data

sheet.)

Offset of

the

cursor

position in

the

display

buffer

(H).

Offset of

the

cursor

position in

the

display

buffer (L).

Offset into

the

buffer when lightpen

tripped

(H).

Offset into

the

buffer when lightpen

tripped (L).

Note

i The monochrome display requires a

scan

be approximately 54 microseconds.

The total number

rows and scans

must

adjusted

allow enough timefor

the screen

updated

times per

second.

iii The local oscillator on the Graphics

Card will generate a time base

0.5625

microseconds per character

text mode

and1 microsecond per character

bit-mapped mode.

bit-mapped mode, one character

dots wide and 4 scans tall. In text

mode, it

9 dots wide and

scans tall.

v See Appendix 3 for typical parameter

values.

2 For Advanced Users

b Display Mode Control

Port

(03B8)

This

output

port

sets

the

mode ofoperation for

the

Graphics Card.

Bit Options

o Not used

1 0 =

text

mode (Power on

default)

1 = graphics mode

(Note: The 6845

must

reprogrammed

each time

this

bit

changes value.)

2 Not used

3 0 = blank

the

screen (Power on default.)

1 = activates

the

screen

(This

bit

is useful when changing modes.

By keeping

the

screen blank for

aperiod

oftime,

the

change from

text

to graphics

modes can be done without any screen

bounce.)

Not

used

5 0 =

turn

off

the

text

blinker (Power

default.)

1 =

turn

the

text

blinker

(This blinker has no effect on

the

cursor.

Every

character

whose

attribute

indi-

cates blinking, will now blink.)

Not

used

7 0 =

Page

0 (Power on default.

Start

display

BOOOO.)

1 =

Page

(Start

display

B8000. This

bit

selects

the

active display buffer

the

Graphics Card.)

Note

Be particularly careful when changing

between text and graphics modes. You

must

simultaneously:

-program

the Display Mode Control

Port bit 1, and

-program the 6845 with the proper

parameters.

When you switch between text

and

graphics

modes, your monitor is subject

some

2 For Advanced Users

undefined horizontal and vertical fre-

quencies. For this reason

suggest

that you

not use high levellanguages

control the Display Mode Control Port

bit 1. (This does not include memory

access which can

done

any

lan-

guage.) See Appendix 3 for a listing

the correct way

change modes.

Display

Status

Port

(03BA)

This input

port

is used to sense the real time

status

of the monochrome display.

Bit Conditions

o= normal

character

1 = SYNC (Screen is temporarily

blanked.)

Not used

o= dots off

1 = dots on

(This bit can be used as a software check-

point to verify

that

the monochrome

display is receiving an active video

signal.)

Not used

o= vertical

retrace

(Screen is tempo-

rarily blanked.)

1 = active displ

ay.

(This information is

useful when software wants to make

sure

that

the

screen is blanked.)

2 For Advanced Users

2 The

printer

interface uses

the

following

input/output

ports:

03BC

03BD

03BE

Printer

Data

Port

Printer

Status

Port

Printer

Control

Port

Printer

Data

Port

(03BC)

output

to this

port

willlatch the value from

the

data

bus to

the

printer

. The actual pin condi-

tions

are

returned

when input. This feature is

used to verify the integrity of

the

data

path.

Printer

Status

Port

(03BD)

This is an input

port

only.

Bit Conditions

Not

used

Not

used

Not

used

3 0 =

printer

error

1 = normal operation

4 0 =

printer

not

attentive

1 =

printer

is listening

5 0 = normal operation

1 = out of

paper

6 0 = accepting

data

1 = ready for more

7 0 =

printer

is busy, not selected

error

1 = normal operation

2 For Advanced Users

Printer

Control

Port

(03BE)

This is an input/output port.

Bit Actions

o= strobe the

printer

to accept data

the data latch

1 = release the strobe (Power

default.)

o= auto line feed

1 = remote line feed control (Power

default.)

2 0 = initialize the

printer

(Power

default.)

1 = release the

printer

for normal

operation

3 0 = deselect the

printer

1 = select the

printer

(Power

default.)

4 0 = mask off IRQ7 (Power

default.)

1 = enable IRQ7 when the printer is

ready for data

5 Not used

6 Not used

7 Not used

Configuration Switch (03BF)

This port accesses

the

software switch

that

allows

one of

three

configurations of the Graphics Card's

memory map and protects against the accidental

setting of graphics mode.

Bit

Option

o= (power

default) prevents the

setting of graphics mode (bit 1 of Display

Mode Control Port)

1 = allows the setting of graphics mode

bit (bit 1 of Display Mode Control Port)

o= (power

default) mask Page 1

(B8000-BFFFF) out of the memory map

and prevent the setting of page bit (bit 7

ofDisplay Mode Control Port)

1 = bring Page 1 (B8000-BFFFF) into

the memory map and allow the setting of

page bit (bit 7 of

splay Mode Control

Port)

For Advanced Users

How the Dots Are Generated: Text

text

mode, the display buffer

used to store the character codes

and the

attrib

ute codes for displayed characters. The offset of the

storage is:

BOOOO-BOFFF

(4K

bytes)

The

text

display is 80 characters wide and

lines long. All the

characters are stored contiguously using up

160

bytes

per

line.

For

each character, one byte is used for the character code and one for

the attribute.

Offset ofthe character code of a character:

160

(LINE

-1) + 2 *(COLUMN -1)

Offset ofthe attribute of a character:

160

(LINE

-1) + 2 *(COLUMN -1) + 1

where

LINE

between 1 and

COLUMN is between 1 and

The Graphics Card has a hardware character generator which can

256

different characters specified by the character codes. The

attribute

decoder which can underline, reverse video, blank,

bold face, or blink any character. The character generator conforms

to the standard IBM PC character font.

The

attribute

decoder follows these rules:

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Attribute Codes

B 0 0 0 I 0 0

B 0 0 0 I 1 1

B 1 1 1 I 0 0

where I = 0 for normal body

I = 1 for bold

body.

0 Blank

1 Underline

1 Normal Display

0 Reverse Video

the blinker

off

(i.

the display mode control port bit

5 = O)then

B = 0 for normal background

B = 1 for bold background

the blinker is

(display mode control port bit 5 =

then B = 0 for

blink

B = 1for blinking

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