Elcometer 136 Manual de usuario
Operating Instructions
for the
Elcometer 136
DC Portable Holiday Detector
SAFETY WARNING
The detector generates a high voltage at the probe tip,
up to 30,000 volts.
The equipment should be used with extreme care,
following the instructions given in this Manual.
All CE marked Elcometer 136 Holiday Detectors meet
the emc directive 89/336/EEC, amended 92/31/EEC &
93/98/EEC.
However, due to its method of operation, the Detector will
generate broadband RF emissions when a spark is produced
at the probe, i.e. when a defect in the coating is located. These
emissions may interfere with the operation of sensitive
electronic apparatus in the vicinity.
In the extreme case of a continuous spark of length 5mm, the
magnitude of emissions at a distance of 3m was found to be
approximately 60dBµV/m from 30MHz to 1000MHz.
It is therefore recommended that this equipment is not
operated within 30m of known sensitive electronic equipment
and that continuous sparks are not deliberately generated by
the User.
is a registered trademark of
Elcometer Instruments Ltd.
©Elcometer Instruments Ltd. England 1994, 1996, 1998
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be
reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored (in a retrieval
system or otherwise) or translated into any language in any
form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, magnetic,
optical, manual or otherwise) without the prior written
permission of Elcometer Instruments Ltd.
!
Doc.No. = TMA-0146 Issue 04
Text with Cover No. = 4399
CONTENTS
1.0 SAFETY GUIDE 1
1.1 Do Not 1
1.2 Do 2
2.0 INTRODUCTION 3
3.0 EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION 3
3.1 Control Panel 3
3.1 Connections and Terminals 4
4.0 DETAILED OPERATION 5
4.1 Test Batteries 5
4.2 Connect Leads 5
4.3 Select Probe 6
4.4 Earth to Substrate 6
4.5 Check the Earth Connection 6
4.6 Set the Test Voltage 7
4.7 Set Alarm Sensitivity 7
4.8 Detecting Holidays and Other Coating Flaws 7
4.9 Moving Work Position and Finishing Work 7
4.10 Static Electricity 8
5.0 TEST VOLTAGE & SENSITIVITY 9
5.1 Dielectric Strength 9
5.2 Determining the Voltage Limits 10
5.2.1 The Lower Limit 10
5.2.2 The Upper Limit 11
5.3 Setting Alarm Sensitivity 11
6.0 PROBE SELECTION 13
7.0 TROUBLESHOOTING 13
7.1 LCD Display Related Problems 13
7.2 Alarm Related Problems 14
7.3 Special Considerations 15
7.3.1 Conductive Coatings 15
7.3.2 Concrete Substrates 16
8.0 MAINTENANCE 17
8.1 Battery Maintenance 17
8.1.1 Charging the Battery 17
8.1.2 Replacing the Battery 17
8.1.3 Deep Discharged Battery 18
8.2 Lengthening the Earth Lead 18
8.3 Routine Checks 18
9.0 PROBE, SPARES AND
ACCESSORIES GUIDE 19
9.1 Right Angle Probes 19
9.1.1 Spare Electrodes for Right Angle Probes 19
9.2 Circular Brush Probes 20
9.3 Rolling Spring Probes 21
9.4 Extension Pieces 22
9.5 Spares Numbers 22
Figure 1
Summary of Operation
Replace or
Recharge
Batteries (8.0)
Read Safety Guide (1.0)
Batteries
OK?
Test Batteries (4.1)
Connect Leads (4.2)
Select Probe (4.3)
Earth to Substrate (4.4)
Check Earth (4.5)
Earth
OK?
Set Alarm Sensitivity (4.7)
Set Test Voltage (4.6)
Operation
OK?
Inspect Coating for Flaws (4.8)
End Work
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
1.0 SAFETY GUIDE.
Due to the method of testing for coating flaws, this equipment
outputs a voltage of up to 30kV, i.e. 30,000 volts, on the high
voltage probe. Therefore, if the User touches the probe, they
may receive a mild electric shock. However, due to the current
being very low, this is not normally dangerous.
Due to coating flaws being indicated by an electrical spark this
equipment is unsuitable for use in certain environments, e.g.
an explosive atmosphere.
Explanation of Warning Symbols.
(Yellow background with black outline and symbol).
CAUTION - Risk of electric shock.
(Yellow background with black outline and symbol).
CAUTION - please follow the safety guidelines as
detailed in Sections 1.1 & 1.2.
To minimise injury and damage, the following guidance should
always be observed.
1.1 Do Not.
DO NOT use the equipment in any combustible, flammable or
other atmosphere where an arc or spark may result in an
explosion.
DO NOT carry out tests close to moving machinery.
DO NOT use in a precarious, wobbly or elevated situation from
which a fall may result in injury, unless a suitable safety
harness is used.
DO NOT use in rain or a damp atmosphere.
DO NOT use the equipment if you have a pacemaker or heart
condition.
!
1
DO NOT clean the instrument or cables with any type of
liquids. Cleaning of the instrument to remove overspray and
spots of coatings is a Service requirement. Please contact your
local Distributor or Elcometer Instruments Ltd.
1.2 Do.
DO read these instructions carefully before commencing to
use the equipment.
DO consult the plant or Safety Officer before carrying out the
test procedure.
DO wear rubber gloves.
DO undertake testing well clear of other Personnel.
DO work with an assistant, to keep the test area clear and to
help with the testing procedure.
DO check that there are no solvents or other ignitable materials
in the test area, particularly in confined areas such as tanks.
DO switch the detector off and disconnect the leads when the
work is finished and before leaving it unattended.
DO ensure that the earth lead is connected to the conducting
substrate prior to switching the detector on.
DO only use on coatings which are cured, thickness tested
and visually inspected and accepted.
DO only use on coating thicknesses of at least 200 microns
(0.008"). For thinner coatings, use the wet sponge method with
the Elcometer 204 and 269. Use with care for thicknesses
between 200 and 500 microns (0.008 to 0.020").
DO be aware of static build-up on the work surface. To reduce
the risk of static shock, wear rubber gloves and take special
care when leaving confined areas.
2
2.0 INTRODUCTION.
The Elcometer 136 DC Portable Holiday Detector detects flaws
on non-conductive coatings which are applied to conductive
substrates. The coating should be at least 200 microns (0.008")
and preferably over 500 microns (0.020") thick.
The Elcometer 136 is earthed to the substrate and passes a
high DC voltage through a probe to the coating surface. When
the probe passes over a coating flaw the electrical circuit is
completed. The Elcometer 136 gives an audible and a visual
alarm and may produce a spark at the flaw.
3.0 EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION.
3.1 Control Panel.
Figure 2 - Control Panel Layout
1. -LCD display of output voltage
2. Voltage Voltage control
3. ALARM Visual alarm (illuminates when flaw detected)
4ON Press to switch on
5. OFF/Test Press to switch off. Press again for tests
6. Sensitivity Sensitivity control for alarm
7. -Battery level indicator
High Voltage DC
Holiday Detector
Voltage
Sensitivity ON
OFF
Test
À
Á
Â
Ã
Ä
Å
kV
Batt
F
E
Æ
3
3.2 Connections and Terminals.
Figure 3 - Side Connections and Terminals Layout
1. High voltage probe connection
2. Fuse and fuse holder (1.6A T-type fuse, supplied separately)
3. Earth lead terminal
4. Nut securing battery pack
5. Slide-out battery pack
6. Battery charger connection
À
Á
Â
Ã
Ä
1.6 A
4
4.0 DETAILED OPERATION.
ALWAYS consult the SAFETY GUIDE before using this
equipment.
See Figure 1 for Summary of Operation.
If using the Elcometer 136 in the carry case, pass the earth
lead through the loop on the side of the case. This reduces
the possibility of the earth lead becoming detached.
For the Elcometer 136 to function correctly, the substrate must
be a conductor and the coating must be an insulator.
4.1 Test Batteries.
Turn ‘Voltage’ fully anti-clockwise to set the voltage output to
zero.
Press [ON] to switch the instrument on.
Check the battery level indicator. The black segments indicate
the battery power level (‘F’ reducing to ‘E’). If no black
segments are displayed, the battery should be replaced or
recharged. See Section 7.0.
4.2 Connect Leads.
Press [OFF/Test] to switch the instrument off.
Turn ‘Voltage’ fully anti-clockwise to ensure that the
instrument is safe.
Connect the red, high voltage, probe handle and lead to the
high voltage probe connection.
Connect the earth lead (green connector, green and yellow
wire) to the earth lead terminal.
5
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