AVEKO Evolution VL-3E-1 Manual del propietario

Pilot Operating Handbook

for aeroplane VL-3E-1

Registration number :

Serial number : VL-3-

Date :

VL-3E-1 Pilot Operating Handbook

date of issue:

2/40

0. Table of Contents

0. Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................................... 2

1. General........................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 5

1.2 Warnings, cautions and notes ............................................................................................................... 5

1.3 Descriptive data....................................................................................................................................... 6

1.3.1 Aeroplane description................................................................................................................... 6

1.3.2 Basic Technical data ...................................................................................................................... 7

1.4 Two-view drawing.................................................................................................................................. 8

2. Limitations..................................................................................................................................................... 9

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 9

2.2 Airspeed limits ........................................................................................................................................ 9

2.3 Airspeed indicator markings................................................................................................................. 9

2.4 Powerplant............................................................................................................................................. 10

2.5 Engine instrument markings ............................................................................................................... 11

2.6 Miscellaneous instrument marking .................................................................................................... 11

2.7 Weight .................................................................................................................................................... 12

2.8 Centre of gravity ................................................................................................................................... 12

2.9 Approved manoeuvres......................................................................................................................... 12

2.10 Manoeuvring load factors.................................................................................................................... 12

2.11 Crew........................................................................................................................................................ 13

2.12 Kinds of operation ................................................................................................................................ 13

2.13 Fuel.......................................................................................................................................................... 13

2.14 Other limitations ................................................................................................................................... 13

2.15 Limitation placards ............................................................................................................................... 14

3. Emergency procedures .............................................................................................................................. 15

3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 15

3.2 Engine failure......................................................................................................................................... 15

3.2.1 Engine failure during take-off run ............................................................................................ 15

3.2.2 Engine failure immediately after take-off ................................................................................ 15

3.2.3 Engine failure in flight (Forced landing) .................................................................................. 15

3.2.4 In-flight engine start.................................................................................................................... 15

3.3 Smoke and fire....................................................................................................................................... 16

3.3.1 Fire on ground ............................................................................................................................. 16

3.3.2 Fire during take-off ..................................................................................................................... 16

3.3.3 Fire in flight .................................................................................................................................. 16

3.4 Glide........................................................................................................................................................ 16

3.5 Landing emergencies............................................................................................................................ 17

3.5.1 Emergency landing ..................................................................................................................... 17

3.5.2 Precautionary landing................................................................................................................. 17

3.5.3 Landing with a flat tire ............................................................................................................... 17

3.5.4 Landing with a defective landing gear..................................................................................... 17

3.5.5 Landing with landing gear in retracted position .................................................................... 18

3.5.6 Landing gear emergency extension .......................................................................................... 18

3.6 Recovery from unintentional spin ...................................................................................................... 19

3.7 Other emergencies ................................................................................................................................ 19

3.7.1 Vibration ....................................................................................................................................... 19

3.7.2 Carburettor icing ......................................................................................................................... 19

3.7.3 Alternator or power supply failure........................................................................................... 19

3.7.4 Cabin opening in flight ............................................................................................................... 19

3.7.5 Tranceiver communication failure ............................................................................................ 20

VL-3E-1 Pilot Operating Handbook

date of issue:

3/40

4. Normal procedures .................................................................................................................................... 21

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 21

4.2 Pre-flight inspection.............................................................................................................................. 21

4.3 Normal procedures............................................................................................................................... 23

4.3.1 Before entering cockpit ............................................................................................................... 23

4.3.2 After entering cockpit ................................................................................................................. 23

4.3.3 Before engine starting and starting of engine.......................................................................... 23

4.3.4 Engine warm up, engine check.................................................................................................. 24

4.3.5 Taxying ......................................................................................................................................... 24

4.3.6 Before take-off.............................................................................................................................. 24

4.3.7 Climb ............................................................................................................................................. 25

4.3.8 Retraction and extension of the landing gear .......................................................................... 25

4.3.9 Cruise ............................................................................................................................................ 26

4.3.10 Descent.......................................................................................................................................... 26

4.3.11 Check before landing .................................................................................................................. 26

4.3.12 On base leg ................................................................................................................................... 26

4.3.13 On final ......................................................................................................................................... 26

4.3.14 Landing......................................................................................................................................... 26

4.3.15 Balked landing or „go around“ ................................................................................................. 27

4.3.16 After landing ................................................................................................................................ 27

4.3.17 Engine shut-down ....................................................................................................................... 27

4.3.18 Emergency rescue system........................................................................................................... 27

4.3.19 Flight in rain ................................................................................................................................. 27

5. Performance ................................................................................................................................................ 28

5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 28

5.2 Performance........................................................................................................................................... 28

5.2.1 Airspeed indicator system calibration...................................................................................... 28

5.2.2 Stall speeds ................................................................................................................................... 29

5.2.3 Take-off performance.................................................................................................................. 29

5.2.4 Landing ......................................................................................................................................... 29

5.2.5 Climb performance...................................................................................................................... 29

5.3 Additional information ........................................................................................................................ 30

5.3.1 Cruise ............................................................................................................................................ 30

5.3.2 Demonstrated crosswind performance .................................................................................... 30

6. Weight and balance.................................................................................................................................... 31

6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 31

6.2 Permitted payload range...................................................................................................................... 31

6.2.1 Weight limitations ....................................................................................................................... 31

6.2.2 CG calculation.............................................................................................................................. 31

7. Aeroplane and Systems Description........................................................................................................ 33

7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 33

7.2 Airframe ................................................................................................................................................. 33

7.2.1 Fuselage ........................................................................................................................................ 33

7.2.2 Wing .............................................................................................................................................. 33

7.2.3 Horizontal Tail Unit .................................................................................................................... 33

7.3 Instrument panels and controls in the cockpit.................................................................................. 34

7.4 Landing gear.......................................................................................................................................... 35

7.5 Seats and Safety harness ...................................................................................................................... 35

7.6 Baggage compartment.......................................................................................................................... 35

7.7 Canopy ................................................................................................................................................... 35

7.8 Engine ..................................................................................................................................................... 35

7.9 Fuel system ............................................................................................................................................ 35

7.10 Electrical system.................................................................................................................................... 36

7.11 Hydraulic system .................................................................................................................................. 36

VL-3E-1 Pilot Operating Handbook

date of issue:

4/40

7.12 Pitotstatic system................................................................................................................................... 36

7.13 Miscellaneous equipment .................................................................................................................... 36

7.14 Avionics.................................................................................................................................................. 36

8. Aeroplane handling, servicing and maintenance .................................................................................. 37

8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 37

8.2 Aeroplane inspection periods.............................................................................................................. 37

8.3 Aeroplane alterations or repairs ......................................................................................................... 37

8.4 Ground handling / Road transport.................................................................................................... 37

8.4.1 Towing .......................................................................................................................................... 37

8.4.2 Parking .......................................................................................................................................... 37

8.4.3 Tying-Down ................................................................................................................................. 38

8.4.4 Lifting............................................................................................................................................ 38

8.4.5 Road transport ............................................................................................................................. 38

8.4.6 Aeroplane disassembly and assembly...................................................................................... 38

9. Supplements................................................................................................................................................ 39

9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 39

9.2 List of inserted supplements................................................................................................................ 39

9.3 Supplements inserted ........................................................................................................................... 40

VL-3E-1 Pilot Operating Handbook

date of issue:

5/40

1. General

1.1 Introduction

This Pilot Operating Handbook provides information useful for the safe and efficient operation of

VL-3E-1 Evolution aeroplane. It also contains supplemental data supplied by the aeroplane manufacturer.

1.2 Warnings, cautions and notes

The following definitions apply to warnings, cautions and notes in the flight manual.

VL-3E-1 Pilot Operating Handbook

date of issue:

6/40

1.3 Descriptive data

1.3.1 Aeroplane description

VL-3E-1 Evolution aeroplane is intended for recreational and cross-country flying. It is not

approved for aerobatic operation.

VL-3E-1 Evolution is a single engine, composite aeroplane with two side-by-side seats. The

aeroplane is equipped with retractable tricycle landing gear with a steerable nose wheel. The fuselage

is a carbon shell with carbon/kevlar seats integrated

The wing is a monospar construction with a sandwich skin composed of two layers of carbon

and special foam. Control surfaces and empennage is of the same construction.

The aeroplane is controlled by dual push-pull control system, rudder drive is controlled by

cables and on the right elevator is trim connected by 2 cables with trim lever. The ailerons and elevator

are controlled by the control stick located between the pilot's legs (co-pilot's). The rudder is controlled

by the rudder pedals, flaps are manyally operated by a control lever located between the pilots on the

fuselage main spar.

VL-3E-1 Pilot Operating Handbook

date of issue:

7/40

1.3.2 Basic Technical data

Wing

span …………………………………………… 8.44 m

area of wing …………………………………… 9.8 m2

M.A.C. …………………………………………. 1,236 m

loading …………………………………………. 46 kg/m2

Ailerons

area ……………………………………………... 0.207 m2

Flaps

area ………………………………………………0.8 m2

Fuselage

length ..…………………………………………… 6.2 m

width …………………………………………….. 1.15 m

height …………………………………………….. 1.5 m

Horizontal tail unit

span …………………………………………….. 2.68 m

area ………………………………………………1.69 m2

elevátor area …………….. ………………......... 0.73 m2

Vertical tail unit

height …………………………………………… 1.03 m

area …………………………….……………….. 0.876 m2

rudder area …………………………………….. .0.309 m2

Landing gear

wheel track ……………………………………….1.83 m

wheel base ………………………………………..1.285 m

main wheel diameter ……………………………0.35 m

nose wheel diameter …………………………… 0.3 m

VL-3E-1 Pilot Operating Handbook

date of issue:

8/40

1.4 Two-view drawing

VL-3E-1 Pilot Operating Handbook

date of issue:

9/40

2. Limitations

2.1 Introduction

Section 2 includes Operating limitations, instrument markings, and basic placards necessary for

safe operation of the aeroplane, its engine, standard systems and standard equipment.

2.2 Airspeed limits

Airspeed limitations and their operational significance are shown below:

Airspeed

IAS

[km/h]

Remarks

VNE

Never exceed

speed

305

Do not exceed this speed in

any operation.

Manoeuvring speed

165

Do not make full or abrupt

control movement above this

speed, because under

certain conditions the aircraft

may be overstressed by full

control movement.

VNO

Maximum

structural

cruising speed

235

Do not exceed this speed

except in smooth air, and

then only with caution.

VFE

Maximum flap

extension speed

120

Do not exceed this speed with

flaps extended

VLE

Maximum landing

gear extension

speed

150

Do not exceed this speed with

undercaridge extended

2.3 Airspeed indicator markings

Airspeed indicator markings and their colour-code significance are shown below:

Marking

Range or value

[IAS km/h]

Significance

White

arc

57 - 120

Positive Flap Operating Range

Green

arc

75 –235

Normal Operating Range

Yellow

arc

235 –305

Manoeuvres must be conducted with

caution and only in smooth air.

Red

line

305

Maximum speed for all operations.

VL-3E-1 Pilot Operating Handbook

date of issue:

10/40

2.4 Powerplant

Engine Manufacturer : Bombardier-Rotax GMBH

Engine Model : Rotax 912 ULS

Power :

Max. Take –off : 73.5 kW / 100 hp

Max. Continuous : 69 kW / 95 hp in 5500 rpm

Cruising : 66 kW / 90 hp in 4800 rpm

Engine RPM :

Max. Take-off : 5800 RPM max 5 min

Max. Continuous : 5500 RPM

Cruising : 4800 RPM

Idling : 1400 RPM

Cylinder head temperature :

Minimum : 60 °C

Maximum : 120 °C

Oil temperature :

Minimum : 50 °C

Maximum : 130 °C

Operating : 90 °C – 100 °C

Fuel pressure (if the fuel gauge and sensor are instaled):

Minimum : 0,15 bar

Maximum : 0,40 bar

Fuel : see chapter 2.13

Oil : (refer to engine Operator’s Manual).

Warning

This engine has not been certified as an aircraft engine

and its failure may occur at any time. The pilot is fully

responsible for consequences of such a failure.

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