Atari 400 Manual de instrucciones

USER'S

HANDBOOK

THE

ATARI

400/800®

COMPUTERS

by:

Jeffrey

Weber

Stephen

Szczecinski

Weber

Systems, Inc.

Cleveland,

Ohio

Published

Weber

Systems,

Inc.

8437

Mayfield

Road

Cleveland,

Ohio

44026

For

information

translations

and

book

distributors

outside

the

United

States, please

contact

WSI at

the

above

address.

User's

Handbook

The Atari 400j800® Computers

First

Edition

1983 by

Weber

Systems, Inc..

All

rights reserved.

Printed

the

United

States

America.

part

this

publication

may

reproduced

, stored

retrieval

system,

transmitted

any

form

any means,

electronic,

mechanical,

photocopy

recording

otherwise

without

the

prior

written

permission

the

publisher.

Library

Congr

talog

Card

Number

82-051088

ISBN 0-938862-15-4

Typesetting:

Chell

Hoffm

Production

Design:

Beth

Cammarn

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

THE

ATARI

COMPUTERS

AND

PERIPHERALS

Atari

400

and

800

Atari

800

Specifications

Atari

400

Specifications

10.

Atari Keyboard

11.

Atari

Video

Display

11.

Plug-In

Cartridge

Hatches

13.

Computer

Memory

13.

Atari

410

Program Recorder 14. Atari

810

Disk

Drive

Atari Printers

16.

Atari

850

Interface

Module

16.

Game

Controls

17.

Software

17.

Operating

Systems

17.

Languages

18.

Applications

Programs

18.

INSTALLATION

AND

OPERATION

ATARI

COMPUTERS

Introduction

19.

Installing the

Atari

400

21.

Installing the Atari

410

Recorder

. Installing

the

Atari

810

Disk

Drive

. Installing

the

Atari

820

Printer

. Installing the Atari

822

Printer

24.

Installing

the

Atari

825

Printer

. Installing a

ROM

Cartridge

. Power

26.

Keyboard

30.

System Reset Key

. Select Key

Option

Key

31.

Start Key

31.

Return Key

32.

Break Key

Shift Key

32.

Ctr! Key

33.

Caps/Lowr

Key

.II\..

Key

Arrow

Keys

34.

Back S Key

35.

Clear

Key

35.

Insert &

Delete

Keys

. Tab Key

35.

ESC

Key

Auto

Repeat

36.

Display Line Length

36.

19.

INTRODUCTION

ARI

BASIC

Immediate

& Program

Modes

37.

Line

Numbers

38.

NEW

40.

END

40.

Program Execution

40.

Program

Lines & Display Lines

41.

Multiple

Statement

Program

Lines

41.

Abbreviating

Keywords

42.

Listing

Program

42.

Error

Messages

. BASIC Data Types

Floating

Point

Numbers

Scientific

Notation

.Tables

Arrays

49.

Expressions

Operators

Compound

Expressions &

Order

Evaluation

52.

Arithmetic

Operations

53.

Relational

Operators

55.

Logical

Operators

56.

Atari

BASIC Statements

. Remark Statements

Assignment

Statements

DATA

, READ

Outputting

DATA

62.

INPUT

Statements

64.

Loops

66.

Nested Loops

Conditional

Statements

68.

Branching

Statements

68.

ON,

GOTO

70.

Subroutines

GOSUB

Statements

70.

ON,

GOSUB

72.

Break Key &

CONT

System Reset Key

. STOP

73.

END

Atari

BASIC

Functions

ADVANCED

ARI

BASIC

Atari

ASCII

. String

Handling

76.

Substrings

76.

String

Concatenation

CHR$

& ASC

Functions

78. Escape

Sequences

Strings

79.

Graphics

Characters in Strings

80.

Variable

Storage

82.

PEEK

& POKE

83.

Screen

Output

Programming

84.

Using

the

Carriage

Return

Cursor

Positioning

84.

TAB

. Moving

the

Cursor

With

Escape

Sequenc

es 86.

Home

Cursor

87.

POSITION

87.

Changing

the

Display

Screen

Margins

88.

Screen

Input

Programming

88.

Prompt

Messages

88.

Input

Response

Checks

89.

ATARI

BASIC

REFERENCE

GUIDE

ABS

92.

ADR

92.

D 92.

ASC

94. A

94.

BYE

95.

CLOAD

95.

CHR$

96.

CLOG

97.

CLR

97.

COLOR

COM

102.

37.

75.

91.

103.

COS

104

CSAVE

104

DATA

105

DEG

106

DIM

107

. DOS

110

DRAWTO

112.

END

114.

ENTER

114.

EXP

115.

FOR

116.

FRE

118

. GET

119

GOSUB

123.

GOTO

125.

GRAPHICS

126

126.

INPUT

129.

INT

132.

LEN

133

LET

133

LIST

134

LOAD

136

. LOCATE

137

. LOG

139.

LPRINT

139

. NEW

140.

141

NOT

142.

NOTE

143

144.

OPEN

145.

153.

PADDLE

154.

PEEK

155

. PLOT

156.

POINT

157.

POKE

158.

POP

159

. POSITION

160.

161

. PTRIG

166

PUT

166.

RAD

169.

READ

170.

REM

171

RESTORE

171

. RETURN

172. RND

172.

RUN

173.

SAVE

174

. SETCOLOR

175

SGN

175.

SIN

175

SOUND

176

. SQR 177.

STATUS

177.

STICK

178.

STRIG

179.

STOP

180.

STR$

181

. TRAP

181

USR

182

. VAL

183

XIO

184.

ATARI

410

PROGRAM

RECORDER

Introduction

189.

Data Files

189.

Program Files

190

. Saving Programs

190.

Program Recording

Formats

191.

Loading a Program 192. RUN C:

195.

Reading and

Writing

Data

197

Opening

Data Files198. Closing Data Files200.

Writing

a Data File

200.

Reading From Data Files

202.

ARI 810 DISK DRIVE

Types

Disks

205.

Hard Disks

205

Winchester

Disk Drives

206.

Floppy Diskettes

207.

Tracks &

Sectors

208

. Hard & Soft Sectors

209

. Single &

Doubl

e Sided Diskettes

211.

Diskette Density

211 .

Write

Prot

ction

212

Disk

Files

213.

Filename

Match

Characters

213.

Atari DOS

215.

Disk

Buffer

Booting

DOS

217.

DOS

218.

Disk

Directory

220

. Run

Cartridge

222

. Copy File

223.

Delete File

227.

Rename

File

228.

Lock File

230

Unlock

File

231.

Write

DOS File

231

. Format Diskette

232

Duplicate

Disk

233

. Binary Save

234.

Binary Load

236

. Run

Address

237.

Create

MEM.SAV

238.

Duplicate

File

239

. Saving BASIC Programs

240.

189.

205.

a Program

242.

Chaining

rams

243.

nin

g a

DiskFil

244

. Clos

g a Data File

246.

Writing

to a Data File 2

. R

ding

om a

Data File 248. NOTE

and

POINT

250.

ARI

PRINTERS

LIST

P: 253. LPRINT

4. PRINT# & PUT 2

55.

Buff

er 255.

er C

haracter

Sets

255.

Atari

825

Contro

Characters

256.

Line

Feed

258.

Rever

Line F

eed

258

. Ha

ld-Line

eed

eve

Half-Lin

e F

eed

259.

Car

riage Re

turn

259.

Und

rlinin

g 259.

Standard,

Con

densed, &

Proportionall

y Spa

Charact

er Sets 260.

Backspace & 1-6 D

Spaces

AlARI

GRAPHICS

& SOUND

GRAPHICS

263.

GRAPHICS

263.

Color

iste

& SETCOLOR

265

GRAPHICS

1 & 2

267.

COLOR

272

. PLOT 277.

ORA

WTO

278.

GRAPHICS

thru

8 278.

POSITION

281.

LOCATE

282. PUT 283.

XIO

283.

Atari

Sound

285.

APPENDIX

Atari

Error

Messages

APPENDIX

Atari

BASIC

Reserved Words

APPENDIX

C. Atari

ASCII

Code

Set

APPENDIX

D. Atari 400/800 Memory Map

APPENDIX

Atari

PEEK

POKE

Locations

Index

253.

263.

287.

294.

295.

301.

306.

315

CHAPTER

INTRODUCATION

THE

ATARI

COMPUTER

AND

PERIPHERALS

Introduction

In this

book,

will

describe

the

Atari

home

computers

well

the

peripherals

that

can

attached

them

such

disk

drives, cassette recorders, and printers.

the

first

chapter

this

book,

will

discuss

the

features

the

Atari

400

and

800

computers

the

410

Program

Recorder,

the

810

disk

drive

, game

controls

, and

the

various

Atari

printers

the

second

chapter,

will

discuss

the

installation

and

operation

the

Atari

400

800

and its various

peripherals

the

third

and

fourth

chapters,

will

discuss

programming

the

Atari in Atari's version

the

BASIC

programming

language.

The

fifth

chapter

contains

reference

guide

the

various

Atari

BASIC

commands,

statements, and

functions.

In Chapters

and 8,

will

discuss

the

Atari

Cassette

Recorder,

Atari

Disk

Drive,

and Atari

printers

greater

detail.

Chapter

will

discuss

the

usage

graphics

and

sound

the

Atari

400

and

800

Atari 400 and 800

There are

two

Atari

computer

models;

the

Atari

400 and

the

Atari

800

(pictured

Illustration

1-1).

The Atari

400

and

800

are very similar. Both

models

function

the

same and

the

same set

instructions.

The

difference

between

the

Atari

400

and

800

lies in

the

fact

that

the

800 has

features

that

the

400

does not.

For instance,

the

Atari

800

memory

can

expanded

while

the

8 User's

Handbook

the Atari 400/800 Computers

memory

the

Atari

400

less

fixed. Also,

with

the

Atari

800,

video

monitor

can be used

for

video

output

well

regular television set.

With

the

Atari

400,

only

aregular television

set

can

be used

for

video

output.

A video

monitor

offers a

detailed

picture

than a regular television set. Also,

the

Atari

800

has

typewriter

style keyboard

while

the

Atari

400

has

aflat panel

with

the keys

outlined

on it. Finally,

the

Atari

800

allows

two

accessory cartridges

be plugged in,

while

the

Atari

400

allows

only

one.

However,

the

Atari

400

does have one major advantage--it costs

less

than

the

Atari

800.

From hereon, we

will

refer

both

the

Atari

400

and

800

collectively

the

Atari, unless a distincion between

the

two

necessary.

Whenever

we refer

one

model,

the

reader can

assume that

the

concept

applies

the

other

model

well,

unless

specify otherwise.

Illustration 1-1. Atari 800 Computer

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