Aeroplanes DAR DAR-Solo series Especificaciones técnicas
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
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BRIEF FLIGHT MANUAL
DAR-Solo series
Sofia
2015
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
Page 2 of 25
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 3
Limitations and Safety Information 4
General View of DAR-Solo series 6
Ignition 7
Engine warm up 8
Taxiing 9
Flight 10
Take off 10
Horizontal flight 11
Landing Approach 12
Landing 13
Common Mistakes 16
Take off 16
Landing 17
Probable Special Cases 18
During Take off 18
In flight 19
Fire 21
Random increase in Propeller RPM 22
Exploitation Limits 23
Notes 25
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
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Introduction
This Manual is intended for everyone who flies and maintains
the DAR-Solo series airplane with one of the offered engines:
Hirth F-33 BS (28 HP) - single cylinder, two-stroke engine, air-
cooled
or
Polini Thor 250 DS (36HP) - single cylinder, two-stroke engine,
water cooled
The Manual contains graphics aerodynamic characteristics of
the DAR –Solo airplane with described standard engines.
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
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LIMITATIONS AND SAFETY INFORMATION
Limitations
DAR Solo is an aircraft that falls in the LTF-UL Category.
It is designed to be used for any maneuvers as:
Normal flying maneuvers;
Stalls (except whip stalls); and
Lazy eights, chandelles, and steep turns, in which the angle
of bank is not more than 60 degrees.
The following limitations are imposed on the speeds and loading
of the airplane:
VS1 = 55 km/h
VSF = 51 km/h
VNE = 150 km/h
VA=109 km/h
VF = 92 km/h
VFE=83 km/h
Max Wind Limits = 5 m/s
Engine Limitation = no negative loads more 3 sec
MTOW = 260 kg
Empty Weight = 140 kg
Load Limitation = +4/-2
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
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Empty CG = 44,5%
MTOW CG = 33%
DO NOT FLY WITHOUT INSTALLED WING CENTRAL SECTION
FAIRING!
Do not overload the Airplane. The Max Gross Weight should
not exceed 260 kg.
Safety
For your safety read this manual thoroughly and make sure you
understand the capabilities and limitations of the airplane.
If you have any additional questions contact the manufacturer
before operating the machine.
Never fly when you don’t feel prepared for the conditions of
the flight!
Never fly under influence of alcohol or drugs!
Never fly if you have not performed a preflight inspection!
Never exceed the limitations set by the manufacturer!
DANGER!
Always monitor your airspeed!
Never fly close to stall speed or exceed Vne!
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
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General view of DAR-Solo
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
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IGNITION
Before ignition you have to do the following:
- put the wheel chocks under the wheels;
- check the availability of a fire extinguisher;
- in start-up with an electrical starter (autonomous) the
procedure must be done at the command “Clear Propeller”. You
must not push the START ignition button if you do not receive the
“Clear” answer from the start-up supervisor!
- put the levers at min (at a temperature less than 10°C – at
the support of the installed stop). Open (pull out) the mixture
control (suction ducts).
- push the START button and hold down for no more than 5-
7 seconds.
- After start-up hold choke open till the engine works in a
steady motion and take them smoothly closed. At an air
temperature greater than 20°C, the choke is not necessary to be
used.
- After start-up you have to warm up the engine, to
n=4500-5000 rev/min up to CHT=180°C (cylinder heads
temperature - CHT) and then go for a trial run.
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
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ENGINE WARM UP
When you reach CHT=180°C of CHT increase revolutions to
n=5000 rev/min. The increase of revolutions has to be done
smoothly, without interruption. After running at these rpm-s for
10 seconds, the lever have to be drawn backwards smoothly till a
support end (lever to min) is reached, the rpm fall has to be
monitored until they reach the minimal n min=1800-2200. This
operation must be done smoothly but in a slower than that of the
lever motion. That is the normal way to do it having in mind the
fixed pitch propeller and the two-stroke engine. After 10 seconds
push the throttle lever forward to their maximum at a rate of 1.5-
2 sec and wait till engine reaches maximum revolutions
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
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nmax=7500(+/-100) rev/min. CHT must stay below 280°C. In 5
seconds draw in the lever to their minimum.
In case of unusual engine run (vibrations, interruptions, etc.),
draw the lever in to their minimum and turn off ignition using the
main switch.
TAXIING
You have to start taxiing with pedals in neutral position.
Then increase engine revolutions smoothly to 5000 rev/min and
ease off the brakes. Taxing must be done at a speed of 5-7 кm/h
and engine revolutions of 5500-6000 rev/min. The taxiing speed
has to be controlled by changing the revolutions of engine and
brakes.
Avoid sharp turns or turns while airplane taxing.
Aeroplanes DAR ltd.
Brief Flight Manual DAR –Solo
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FLIGHT
Take Off
Start taxiing to the runway and stop on the center line. Apply
the brake. Set the flaps to 11°. Look around the cockpit from left
to right. Check the instruments. Smoothly push the throttle to
maximum position. Wait untill the engine reaches maximum RPM,
be sure it works well and ease off the brakes.
In the first part of the take off run keep the heading by using
the pedals.
CAUTION!
Do not use brake during take off!
When the speed increases above 20-25 km/h, the airplane
starts to “obey” the rudder, too. Motion with pedals has to become
slower and more careful. At a speed of 30-35 km/h ease pull the
stick slightly (up to ½ of its move) . The nose wheel lifts smoothly
(15-20 cm) with the increase of the speed to 40-45 km/h.
Continue the run on two wheels up to a speed of V=50 km/h and
pull the stick lightly “clear the free-play”.
Upon reaching the speed of V= 55-60 km/h take off the
airplane from the runway and hold angle of climbing.
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