ABB Modures LZ91 Guía del usuario

ASEA BROWN BOVERI

CH-ES 83-92.10 E

Edition May

1991

modures®

Static Distance Relays

Types

L291

, L292, LZ92-1

Instructions for Installation

and

Operation

@1986ABB

Relays AG

Baden/Switzerland

4th edition

All rights with respect

thisdocument, including applications for patentand registration

other industrial propertyrights, are reserved. Unauthorised use, in particularreproduc-

tion

making available

third parties,

prohibited.

This document has been carefully preparedand reviewed, however should in spite

this

the reader find an error, he is requested

inform us at his earliest convenience.

The data contained herein purports solely

describethe productand is notawarranty of

performance

characteristics. It is with the best interests ofour customers in mind that

we constantly strive

improve

our

products and keep them abreast

advances in

technology. This may, however, lead

discrepancies between a productand its "Tech-

nical Description"

"Instructions

for

Installation and Operation".

C 0 N T E N T S

3.1

3.1.1

.1.

3.1.3

3.2

3.2.1

3.2.2

3.3

3.4

3.4.1

3.4.2

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.10

.11

3.12

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

7.1

APPLICATION

MECHANICAL

DESIGN

DETERMINING

THE

SETTINGS

Selecting

the

operating

mode

Distance

relay

LZ91

Distance

relay

LZ92

Distance

relay

LZ92-l

Setting

the

starting

units

Overcurrent

starting

Underimpedance

starting

factor

for

the

distance

measuring

system

Igpedance

settings

the

various

zones

Determining

the

reaches

the

distance

zones

Determining

the

settings

and

• • J_

Arc

resistance

compensation

Direction

measurement

Zone

Time

step

characteristic

Symbols

and

significance

the

switches

the

main

processing

unit

Main

processing

unit

equipped

for

intertripping

schemes

Frontplate

signals

Versions

the

input

transformer

and

main

processing

units

CHECKING

THE

SHIPMENT

INSTALLATION

AND

WIRING

Relay

location

and

ambient

conditions

Checking

the

wiring

C.t.

connections

P.t.

connections

Auxiliary

supply

tripping

and

signalling

contacts

Opto-coupler

inputs

COMMISSIONING

Checking

the

setting

prior

commissioning

Inserting

the

relay

and

switching

the

auxiliary

supply

Test

points

the

unit

EW91

Checking

the

load

voltages

and

currents

Testing

the

distance

relay

using

the

test

buttons

Testing

the

distance

relay

using

test

set

Instructions

for

modifying

relay

operation

OPERATION

AND

MAINTENANCE

Ancillaries

and~ares

TROUBLE-SHOOTING

APPENDICIES

Page

List

abreviations

and

symbols

Bmax

U,1

Index

phase

currents

neutral

current

load

current

max.

load

current

possible

balancing

current

rated

current

fault

current

phase-to-neutral

voltages

ratio

zero

positive-sequence

impedances

(neutral

current

factor)

phase-angle

line

difference

voltage

(difference

between

fault

voltage

and

replica

impedance

voltage)

sum

voltage

(sum

fault

voltage

and

replica

impedance

voltage)

forwards

resp.

reverse

replica

reactances

the

underimpedance

starters

LZ92

LZ92-l

reactance

line

impedance

zone

positive-sequence

impedance

line

zero-sequence

impedance

line

zone

No.

primary

values

secondary

values

APPLICATION

The

solid-state

distance

relays

LZ91, LZ92

and

LZ92-l

have

been

designed

for

high-speed

discriminative

protection

applications,

primarily

medium-voltage

systems.

They

are

equally

suitable

for

cable

and

overhead

line

circuits

and

the

power

systems

may

ungrounded,

impedance

solidly

grounded.

When

protecting

extremely

short

lines,

the

distance

relays

are

already

equipped

with

the

logic

operate

directional

comparison

scheme

(permissive

over-

reaching

transfer

tripping)

with

pilot

wires.

The

corresponding

pilot

wire

ancillaries

have

the

type

designations

ER91

and

NR91.

The

relays

are

also

prepared

for

operating

conjunction

with

auto-reclosure

relay

(e.g.

type

WT91

for

three-phase

reclosure).

All

the

relays

are

the

switched

type,

having

starting

units

(fault

detectors)

which

apply

the

correct

fault

quantities

single

direction

and

distance

determining

measuring

system.

The

starting

units

the

LZ91

operate

overcur-

rent,

that

the

relay

simpler

and

economical,

but

can

only

applied

systems

which

the

lowest

fault

current

clearly

greater

than

the

maximum

load

current.

Both

the

LZ92

and

the

LZ92-l

are

equipped

with

true

underimpedance

uni

(not

just

voltage-controlled

overcurrent)

and

are

thus

capable

detec-

ting

weak

faults

times

low

generation

with

fault

currents

below

the

maximum

load

currents

peak

periods.

full

description

their

operation

contained

publication

CH-ES

23-92.lOE

"Solid-state

distance

relays

types

LZ91, LZ92

and

LZ92-l"

and

their

technical

data

given

data

Sheet

CH-ES

63-92.10

MECHANICAL

DESIGN

The

various

plug-in

units

which

make

the

relays

are

accommodated

standard

19"

electronic

equipment

racks,

and

these

turn

are

either

grouped

together

with

other

relays

cubicles,

fitted

into

casings

for

surface

semiflush

switchpanel

mounting.

The

corresponding

dimensioned

drawings

are

the

appendi-

ces

these

instructions.

The

plug-in

units

have

standard

height

3,5

44.45

mm)

and

varying

widths

given

a number

divisions

= 17 mm). One

19"

rack

has

space

for

plug-in

units

adding

a maximum

The

standard

versions

the

distance

relays

LZ91, LZ92

and

LZ92-l

only

require

which

less

than

one

full

rack.

The

distance

relays

comprise

the

following

plug-in

units:

input

transformer

unit

type

EW91,

width

also

containing

signal

conditio-

ning

circuits,

measuring

sockets

and

auxiliary

tripping

relay.

main

processing

unit:

KI91

for

LZ91,

KZ91

for

LZ92

KZ91-l

for

LZ92-l.

The

terminals

the

main

processing

units

are

compatible

and

they

have

the

same

width.

signalling

unit

AV91

and/or

AV94

•

auxiliary

supply

unit

NF92 (3

T),

DC/DC

converter

for

generating

the

inter-

nal

relay

supply

voltages.

test

socket

connector

XX91

(option)

auto-reclosure

relay

WT91

(option)

T).

pilot

wire

units

ER91

and

NR91

(option)

Teach).

'rhese

instructions

apply

the

basic

versions

the

distance

relays,

i.e.

relays

equipped

with

EW91

and

either

KI91,

KZ91

KZ91-1

and

also

auxiliary

supply

unit.

There

are

two

versions

the

input

transformer

and

main

processing

units

available,

which

have

resulted

from

further

technical

develop-

ment

and

which

are

described

these

instructions

(see

Section

3.12).

DETERMINING

THE

SETTINGS

All

important

settings

the

distance

relays

LZ91, LZ92

and

I,Z92-1

are

thumb-

wheel

switches.

The

corresponding

setting

formulas

are

printed

the

frontplate

(see

Figures

9.3

9.8).

each

case

the

setting

the

correct

dimensions

obtained

inserting

the

number

indicated

the

thumbwheel

switches

the

formula

and

working

out.

The

settings

themselves

(e.g.

impedance

the

under

impedance

starting

uni

ts)

are

printed

italics.

Settings

which

are

normally

only

made

once

during

commissioning

are

miniature

switches

located

the

PCB's.

Information

relating

these

settings

marked

the

frontplate

the

KI91,

KZ91

respectively

KZ91-l

behind

the

hinged

flap

the

equipment

rack

(Figures

8) . A

symbol

shows

which

PCB

the

particular

functional

switch

found.

The

PCB's

the

units

KI91,

KZ91

respectively

KZ91-1

are

numbered

from

left

right

seen

from

the

front

and

marked

the

frontplate.

(There

PCB

KI91.)

Further

information

this

can

found

Section

3.9.

3.1

Selecting

the

operating

mode

3.1.1

Distance

relay

LZ91

choice

can

made

between

two

operating

modes

using

miniature

switch

PCB

unit

KI91

(Fig.

9.21):

Mode

Mode L

for

solidly

grounded

systems,

i.e.

earth

faults

have

tripped.

for

ungrounded

impedance

grounded

systems,

but

only

with

acyclical

phase-preference

for

cross-country

faults.

3.1.2

Distance

relay

LZ92

with

the

distance

relay

LZ91, a

choice

can

made

between

the

modes A

and

using

miniature

switch

PCB

unit

KZ91.

this

case,

however,

mode

1::::,

also

permits

cyclical

(LO

the

code)

well

acyclical

(Ll

the

code)

phase-preference

for

cross-country

faults.

This

change

made

appro-

priately

positioning

soldered

link

LB7

PCB

(see

Fig.

9.22).

Standard

phase-preferences

are

before

(acyclically)

respectively

before

(cyclically).

3.1.3

Distance

relay

LZ92-l

solidly

grounded

systems

which

essential

that

earth

faults

tripped

mode

j;-

should

set.

ungrounded

impedance

grounded

systems

the

same

phase-preference

must

set

used

the

rest

the

system.

The

operating

mode

set

the

main

processing

unit

KZ91-1

with

the

aid

switch

(Fig.

9.23).

This

switch

has

four

sections

which

have

set

accordance

with

Table

.1.

'l'he same

information

printed

the

frontplate

behind

the

withdrawing

handle

(Fig.

9.8).

~·

switch

section

* Mode -

No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4

Phase

preference

Setting

OFF

grounded

systems

OFF

R'rS

acyclically

RTS

acyc.

OFF OFF

RTSR

cyclically

R'l'SR

eye.

OFF

OFF OFF

TRS

acyclically

TRS

acyc.

OFF

OFF OFF

TRS'l'

cyclically

TRST

eye.

OFF

TSR

acyclically

TSR

acyc.

ON ON ON

RST

acyclically

RST

acyc.

OFF OFF OFF

OFF

STR

acyc

lie

ally

STR

acyc.

OFF OFF OFF

SRT

a<:Y_<:l_i_~~l

_1-y

SRT

acyc.

position

"ON"

the

white

lever

toward

the

PCB.

Only

for

units

with

the

designation

"AEND.

:B"

PCB

Table

3.1

Positions

the

switch

sections

switch

PCB

unit

KZ91-1

relation

operating

mode

3.2

Setting

the

starting

units

3.2.1

Overcurrent

starting

The

pick-up

setting

the

overcurrent

uni

must

the

very

least

high

that

cannot

reached

the

maximum

current

healthy

phases.

The

following

must

taken

into

account

when

calculating

this

current:

the

case

double-circuit

lines

the

load

current

can

briefly

double

when

one

line

tripped.

additional

balancing

current

can

flow

the

healthy

phases

during

earth

faults.

relay

which

has

picked

must

also

able

reset

the

level

the

maximum

load

current

after

fault

has

been

tripped

the

first

zone

Bmax

another

relay.

Taking

the

reset

ratio

and

accuracy

the

relay

into

account,

the

lowest

permissible

setting

given

by:

lr;max

+~I

~~~~~~~-

0.06

The

maximum

pe.rmissible

setting

(I/I

)

calculated

from

the

minimum

fault

current

for

fault

the

rerWo.r~xend

the

section

line.

(

Should

) .

less

than

(I/I

) .

according

the

above

relationship,

then

re!ayNwTtR

underimpendance

sW.a~E~ng,

e.g.

LZ92

LZ92-l,

must

used

instead

distance

relay

LZ91.

When

used

ungrounded

impedance

grounded

systems

(mode

) ,

the

current

measuring

elements

unit

KI91

are

connected

and

The

sensitivity

the

neutral

element

the

standard

versions

twice

that

the

phase

elements

(I,r/IPh

0.5,

•••

the

code

the

KI91).

some

other

sensitivity

specified,

can

seen

from

the

relay

ordering

code:

...

/sensitivity

factor

Should

impossible

set

the

phase

elements

such

that

they

pick

reliably

the

lowest

phase

fault

level,

but

not

pick

the

maximum

earth

fault

current,

then

distance

relay

LZ92

LZ92-1

must

used.

3.2.2

Underimpedance

starting

The

following

two

frontplate

(KZ91

KZ91-l)

settings

apply

the

underimpe-

dance

starting

units:

the

pick-up

the

neutral

current

element

the

reach

the

underimpedance

elements.

3.2.2.l

Neutral

current

earth

fault

detector

The

criterion

for

the

highest

setting

is:

-The

earth

fault

detector

must

pick

for

all

earth

faults

grounded

systems,

respectively

all

cross-country

faults

ungrounded

impedance

grounded

systems

which

lie

within

the

set

reach

the

underimpedance

units.

The

criterion

for

the

lowest

setting

is:

The

earth

fault

detector

may

not

pick

for

earth

fault

single

conductor

ungrounded

impdance

grounded

system.

The

earth

fault

detector

may

not

pick

during

heavy

phase

faults

due

spurious

neutral

currents

caused

c.t.

errors.

typically

recommended

value

I,r

(standard

version

the

LZ91:

I,r/IN

0.8

1.0

for

LZ92

and

LZ92-l

•

there

setting

which

satisfies

both

these

limits,

neutral

voltage

polarising

ancillary

must

added

operate

conjunction

with

the

neutral

current

element:

This

available

separate

voltage

relay

inserted

into

the

equipment

rack

the

distance

relay.

Either

AND

interlocking

logic

can

used

(see

parts

the

ordering

code

headed

EKl

EK2

the

tables

features

Table

.17,

Table

9.18

and

also

Fig.

9.25).

The

LED

signal

labelled

"E"

will

only

light

when

both

the

earth

fault

detector

and

least

one

underimpedance

phase

element

have

picked

up.

3.2.2.2

Reach

the

underimpedance

elements

standard

characteristic

The

standard

under

impedance

starting

characteristic

circle

with

its

centre

the

origin

the

impedance

plane.

The

relationships

for

earth

fault

R-0

are:

ULiR

Ul:R

·goo

-2 X

j90

u + 2

XBe

replica

reactance

forward

direction

replica

reactance

backward

direction

Criterion

for

pick-up:

u:R

The

reach

for

radial

lines

and

the

different

kinds

faults

is:

phase-to-phase

fault:

same

setting

three-phase

fault

earth

fault

: x

setting

1 + k

setting

(k = K

the

line)

oL o

ABB

has

computer

programme

for

checking

the

relay

settings

for

all

kinds

faults

and

fault

locations

where

complex

system

conditions

prevail.

The

starters

must

reliably

pick

for

fault

the

end

the

section

line

(back-up

zone).

Where

the

back-up

zone

not

being

taken

specifically

into

account,

the

setting

must

least

times

the

impedance

the

protected

line.

The

influence

arc

resistance

must

also

considered

the

case

short

lines.

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